CD-ROM
History stuff
Remote Management Card
Its role is remotely over the network (remote) server switch, and you can view the information process and other server switch, early (before 2010), the server is hosted in IDC room, problems, we had to run the engine room or please people room management , with the management card, the efficiency of operation and maintenance personnel management server is greatly increased.
Remote server management card and comes with two types of independence. The server comes with remote management card, you can shut down, boot, but can not see the process of switching servers. Therefore, it is recommended to the server with independent remote management card, it may spend 100 renminbi, however, when the server problem, not a taxi or a business trip, do not give room personnel call, you can use Management Card Quick View server failure and recovery services.
Motherboard
主板实际上就是一块电路板，相当于人体的骨架，CPU、 内存、磁盘、Raid 卡等所有的硬件设备，最终都要连接主板后才能正常工作，图0-31展示的是普通台式电脑主板示意
Computers Work
Triangular diagram of computer hardware device
● von Neumann computer architecture has three important design:
1. Computer operator should, most of the controller 5, memory, input devices and output devices.
2 represents data and instructions in binary form.
3. The program stored in the memory in advance, so that the computer program can be automatically removed from the memory means in the work
to be performed.
Computer data recording unit
Since the computer is recording information by potential, only two identification numbers 0 and 1, and therefore the computer
inside, and the data is stored in the form of binary arithmetic, to the following common units of measurement computer data listed.
(1) bits (bit)
the minimum unit of the computer stores data bits (bit), Chinese as bits, a bit can only represent 0 or
1 two states, additional information to be represented, it is imperative plurality of bits combined into a whole, generally 8-bit binary form a basic unit. This unit due to a bit too small, and therefore with relatively few bits as a unit, with general network bandwidth rate Mbit / s represented normal download speed is 1Mbit / S = 128KBytes , this is what we later bandwidth of 1MB, the actual download speed of 128KB of reasons.
(2) byte (Byte)
Byte is the basic unit of computer data processing. Byte (Byte) abbreviated as B, a predetermined byte is 8 bits, i.e. 1B = 8bit. Each byte consists of 8 binary bits. In general, a one byte ASCII code, a Chinese character occupies 2-4 bytes.
Conversion relation (3) data
1Byte = 8bit, 1KB = 1024B, 1MB = 1024KB, 1GB = 1024MB, 1TB = 1024GB, 1PB = 1024TB, .1EB = 1024PB, 1ZB = 1024EB
Common computer notation
用若干数位(由数码表示)的组合去表示一个数，各个数位之间是什么关系，即逢“几”进位，这就是进位计数制的问题。也就是数制问题。数制，即进位计数制，是人们利用数字符号按进位原则进行数据大小计算的方法。通常是以十进制来进行计算的。另外还有进制、 八进制和十六进制等 。在计算机的数制中，要掌握3个概念，即数码、基数和位权。下面简单地介绍这3个既念。1. Digital: manufactured by a number of different digital symbols representing the basic numerical values. For example, there are eight octal digital,
namely 6,7.
2. Base: The number of a digital value used. For example, octal base 8, binary base 2.
3. Right Bit: value of one --1 bits on the size of numerical representation. For example, the bit octal 123,1 the
right was a right bit is right 64,2 8,3 is 1.
Binary
There are two digital: 0,1.
Base: 2.
Every a binary (addition operation), when by a di (subtraction)
Example: Decimal calculation formula for the binary number 1100 is a heavy :( right to left)
0x (2 ^ 0) + 0x (2 ^. 1) + Ix (2 ^ 2) + Ix (. 3 ^ 2) = 12 is
Similarly other hex
Exercises
题1 :你用过的服务器型号有哪些?具体的配置有哪些?
题2 :程序、进程和守护进程有什么区别?
题3 :提升用户体验的网站优化解决方案有哪些?
题4 :谈谈计算机中buffer与cache的简单区别。
题5 :描述Raid 0、Raid1的主要特点。
题6 :描述下电脑的主流硬件作用及之间的关系( CPU、内存、磁盘)。
题7 :描述冯诺依曼计算机的设计思想。
题8 :请描述计算机数据的多种单位与换算。
题9:什么是二进制， 计算机是如何用二进制表示数据的。
题10 :为什么硬盘买来后实际大小比购买时标记的小?
硬盘厂商为了便于计算采用十进制算法，而电脑则采用二进制算法，它们之间需要进行转换计算http://mini.eastday.com/bdmip/180830145324775.html
题11 :运维人员的三大核心工作职责是什么?
operating system
A basic definition of the operating system:
the operating system is a computer system is an essential basis for software, its role is responsible for the management and control of computer systems hardware and software resources, rational organization of work processes of a computer system in order to effectively use these resources to provide users with a powerful, user-friendly operation and use of the environment. It acts as an interface between the computer system (hardware) of the user.
What is linux?
And well-known software, like Windows operating system, Linux is an operating system software. But the difference is, and Windows, Linux is an open source program, and Unix-like operating system software can be freely spread (Unix systems is the predecessor of the Linux system, have many outstanding characteristics). In the beginning of its design, it is based on Intelx86 series CPU architecture of the computer. It is a POSIX-based multi-user, multi-tasking and multi-threading and multi-CPU support for the operating system.
It has some excellent features
- Is open source software can be freely modified.
- Unix systems compatible, with excellent characteristics of almost all Unix.
- It can be freely spread, without any commercial copyright restrictions.
- For Intel x86 CPU series and other computer architecture.
Linux's origins and history
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35523593/article/details/63683856
GPL license
Simple to understand, the core of the GPL license is to ensure that any person have the freedom to share and change free software, anyone has the right to acquire, modify and redistribute the source code rights of free software, but they must give specific changes to the source code at the same time .
linux composition
Linux OS = Linux kernel + GNU software and systems necessary application software +
linux applications
it server
desktop
day04
Vm virtual machine installation
The update to the latest system software.
yum update -y
Cent0S6 and CentOS7 required to install enterprise operation and maintenance of the common infrastructure Kit
yum install tree nmap dos2unix lrzsz nc lsof wget tcpdump htop iftop iotop sysstat
nethogs- y
CentOs7 to install enterprise operation and maintenance of the common infrastructure Kit
yum install psmisc net-tools bash- completion vim-enhanced -y
when installed option packages, is selected from the four pack: There are a bunch of software.
1, forget the election.
2, entry, others did not choose.
[the root WWW @ ~] # yum Groups Mark Convert
[the root WWW @ ~] # yum grouplist # <== See all packet group names, including installed and not installed
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -Y
yum qroupinstall "the Cinnamon "-y
Exercise
1.8本章重点回顾
1)了解什么是操作系统以及操作系统简单原理图。
2)了解Unix/Linux的发展历史。
3)了解市面上的常见Unix系统版本。
4)了解Unix及Linux诞生发展的几个关键人物。
5)重点了解GNU、GPL知识。
6)了解Linux系统的特点。
7) 了解Linux系统的常见发行版本，不同场景选择。
8)重点了解Centos和Red Hat的区别和联系。
9)了解CentOs各个版本的应用场景及企业应用情况。
10)学会搭建学习Linux的环境。
注意:最好是能口头表达出，上述了解的内容。
1) 32位和64位系统的区别是什么?
2) 请描述Linux分区的知识(包括设备名、主分区、扩展分区、文件系统类型等)。
3) 什么是挂载点，挂载点的作用是什么?
4)企业场景如何针对不同的业务服务器规划分区方案?
5)企业场景下Linux系统安装如何尽可能地最小化选包?
5) 企业场景下若线上运行的系统缺少部分包组或命令，如何补救?
7)如何将网卡设置为传统的eth0、eth1形式?
1)了解什么是操作系统以及操作系统简单原理图。
2)了解Unix/Linux的发展历史。
3)了解市面上的常见Unix系统版本。
4)了解Unix及Linux诞生发展的几个关键人物。
5)重点了解GNU、GPL知识。
6)了解Linux系统的特点。
7)了解Linux系统的常见发行版本，不同场景选择。
8)重点了解CentOs和RedHat的区别和联系。
9)了解Centos各个版本的应用场景及企业应用情况。
10)学会搭建学习Linux的环境。
注意:最好是能口头表达出，上述了解的内容。
1.9本章知识相关考试题
1)请详细描述GNU的相关知识和历史事件。
2)请描述什么是GPL以及GPL?
3)企业工作中如何选择各Linux发行版?
4)Red Hat Linux和CentOS Linux有 啥区别和联系?
5)请说出你认为Linux受欢迎的3个以上特点。