Advanced Git (b)
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Overview:
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Git branch
1. branch nomenclature and common commands
master (main branch) is a pointer to the specified branch of a recent submission;
dev dev branch is pointing to the most recent submission;
No matter how many branches, branch activities can have only one;
head must point to a branch, head a map showing the current working directory which reflect last commit; namely head always points to the last commit Activity branch;
★ branch nomenclature
You can use "/", but not "/" at the end;
You can not start with the - "";
To be located "/" behind the assembly, can not start with ".";
You can not use continuous "...";
You can not use a blank character "";
You can not use "^", "~", "?", "*", "[" And other symbols
Must be unique, branch target branch name always points to the most recent submission;
★ git Branch: list, create and delete branches
git branch BRANCH_NAME [START_COMMIT]
git branch -d BRANCH_NAME deleted branches
★ git-Branch Show: View branch and its related submitted
★git checkout
git checkout <branch> detection branch
Demo 1: git branch create
[root@node1 test]# ls first.sh INSTALL readmin subdir [root@node1 test]# git branch --list * master # 带"*"表示当前分支 [root@node1 test]# git log commit 3c0b6864718ec8f8aebb5b66fbfd65b757504169 (HEAD -> master) Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Mon Aug 19 23:06:00 2019 +0800 v0.0.2 commit b0e9cc432d3adb683963686a2eec197129ef48b8 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Tue Jul 16 23:26:38 2019 +0800 v0.0.1 [root@node1 test]# git status On branch master Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) new file: first.sh Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) readmin [root@node1 test]# git commit -m 'v1.0' [master 13051f2] v1.0 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) create mode 100644 first.sh [root@node1 test]# git status On branch master Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) readmin nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) [root@node1 test]# git ls-files -s 100644 b6a56662e48ee60ef2d65fd2b00dd555e758b7fa 0 INSTALL 100644 1809e7ac283fd186a50d97b1462d2d27396f9b42 0 first.sh 100644 a4ec1ecd97368714ba8b5c8d002b1a24647bb7ec 0 subdir/1.txt [root@node1 test]# git add readmin [root@node1 test]# git ls-files -s 100644 b6a56662e48ee60ef2d65fd2b00dd555e758b7fa 0 INSTALL 100644 1809e7ac283fd186a50d97b1462d2d27396f9b42 0 first.sh 100644 8bf9463e75dfb20077fafb8358ee3cb471dd7900 0 readmin 100644 a4ec1ecd97368714ba8b5c8d002b1a24647bb7ec 0 subdir/1.txt [root@node1 test]# git commit -m 'v1.1' [master e522483] v1.1 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 readmin [root@node1 test]# git log commit e522483313931f3dbc914ff6e132f5cd205f7d62 (HEAD -> master) Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Aug 21 22:48:52 2019 +0800 v1.1 commit 13051f2788b17981a72f641e6b30bc8bea0f2e38 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Aug 21 22:46:23 2019 +0800 v1.0 commit 3c0b6864718ec8f8aebb5b66fbfd65b757504169 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Mon Aug 19 23:06:00 2019 +0800 v0.0.2 commit b0e9cc432d3adb683963686a2eec197129ef48b8 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Tue Jul 16 23:26:38 2019 +0800 v0.0.1 [root@node1 test]# git branch * master # 指明1.0版本创建分支 [root@node1 test]# git branch dev 13051f [root@node1 test]# git branch dev * master [root@node1 test]# git branch bug/first [root@node1 test]# git branch bug/first dev * master
演示2：git show-branch 查看分支
# git show-branch 查看具体的分支信息 [root@node1 test]# git show-branch ! [bug/first] v1.1 ! [dev] v1.0 * [master] v1.1 --- + * [bug/first] v1.1 ++* [dev] v1.0 [root@node1 test]# git show-branch dev [dev] v1.0 [root@node1 test]# [root@node1 test]# git show-branch bug/first [bug/first] v1.1
演示3：git checkout BRANCH_NAME 切换分支
[root@node1 taotao]# git checkout dev #切换分支 Switched to branch 'dev' [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# git branch --list bug/first * dev master [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# git show-branch ! [bug/first] v1.1 * [dev] v1.0 ! [master] v1.1 --- + + [bug/first] v1.1 +*+ [dev] v1.0 [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# git log commit 5d4298d6fdcbb6276e69f002e7148210124e52d9 (HEAD -> dev) Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Oct 9 22:04:34 2019 +0800 v1.0 commit b9182448b3e9503ce5fd09edb5b378f612209d01 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Oct 9 21:05:05 2019 +0800 v0.0.2 commit 1b5d8e0fea57e85045c8d98f12e379fdc73138bc Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Tue Oct 8 21:24:06 2019 +0800 v0.0.1 ############################# [root@node1 taotao]# cat first.sh #!/bin/bash echo "hello world" echo "new date" [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# git status On branch dev Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: first.sh no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") [root@node1 taotao]# git add first.sh [root@node1 taotao]# git commit -m "v1.1-dev" [dev 587719d] v1.1-dev 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) [root@node1 taotao]# git log commit 587719dd3920429904c2b2a24637f20ecd20c4e0 (HEAD -> dev) Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Fri Oct 11 22:34:41 2019 +0800 v1.1-dev commit 5d4298d6fdcbb6276e69f002e7148210124e52d9 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Oct 9 22:04:34 2019 +0800 v1.0 commit b9182448b3e9503ce5fd09edb5b378f612209d01 Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Wed Oct 9 21:05:05 2019 +0800 v0.0.2 commit 1b5d8e0fea57e85045c8d98f12e379fdc73138bc Author: watao <[email protected]> Date: Tue Oct 8 21:24:06 2019 +0800 v0.0.1 [root@node1 taotao]# cat first.sh #!/bin/bash echo "hello world" echo "new date" # 切回主分支，再次查看first.sh，发现还是原来的，因为master分支并没有提交新的操作 [root@node1 taotao]# git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# cat first.sh #!/bin/bash echo "hello world" # 不被追踪的文件在所有分支上都可以看见 [root@node1 taotao]# git checkout dev Switched to branch 'dev' [root@node1 taotao]# cat first.sh #!/bin/bash echo "hello world" echo "new date" [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# vim second.sh [root@node1 taotao]# cat second.sh #!/bin/bash echo "second.sh" [root@node1 taotao]# ls first.sh INSTALL second.sh subdir [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' [root@node1 taotao]# [root@node1 taotao]# ls first.sh INSTALL readmin second.sh subdir [root@node1 taotao]# cat second.sh #!/bin/bash echo "second.sh" # 添加到索引发现在所有分支上依然可以看见 [root@node1 taotao]# git add second.sh [root@node1 taotao]# git status On branch master Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) new file: second.sh [root@node1 taotao]# git checkout dev A second.sh Switched to branch 'dev' [root@node1 taotao]# git status On branch dev Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) new file: second.sh #在dev分支上提交 [root@node1 taotao]# git commit -m "v1.1.1-dev" [dev 21a0411] v1.1.1-dev 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) create mode 100644 second.sh [root@node1 taotao]# git status On branch dev nothing to commit, working tree clean #再次切回master分支，发现second.sh 已经没有了 [root@node1 taotao]# git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' [root@node1 taotao]# ls first.sh INSTALL readmin subdir [root@node1 taotao]# git status On branch master nothing to commit, working tree clean