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MariaDB MySQL database management system is a branch, mainly by the open source community in the maintenance, the purpose of using GPL licensed MariaDB is fully compatible with MySQL, including API and command line, so that it can easily become a substitute for MySQL.
This article describes CentOS7.6 MariaDB installation process.
The installation command:
[root@db ~]# yum -y install mariadb*Loaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn* epel: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cnResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-bench.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-embedded.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-embedded-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64---> Package mariadb-test.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution....
At startup MariaDB:
[root@db ~]# systemctl enable mariadbCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Start MariaDB:
[root@db ~]# systemctl start mariadbView MariaDB status:
[root@db ~]# systemctl status mariadb● mariadb.service - MariaDB database serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-09-13 22:54:44 CST; 32s agoProcess: 3280 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 3201 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 3279 (mysqld_safe)CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service├─3279 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr└─3441 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/va...Sep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: '/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'Sep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: which will also give you the option of removing the testSep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: databases and anonymous user created by default. This isSep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: strongly recommended for production servers.Sep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or theSep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: MySQL manual for more instructions.Sep 13 22:54:42 db mariadb-prepare-db-dir[3201]: Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jiraSep 13 22:54:42 db mysqld_safe[3279]: 190913 22:54:42 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.Sep 13 22:54:42 db mysqld_safe[3279]: 190913 22:54:42 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysqlSep 13 22:54:44 db systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
The initial installation of the database, the database configuration:
[root@db ~]# mysql_secure_installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the currentpassword for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, andyou haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,so you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none):OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDBroot user without the proper authorisation.Set root password? [Y/n] yNew password:Re-enter new password:Password updated successfully!Reloading privilege tables..... Success!By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyoneto log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created forthem. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installationgo a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into aproduction environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. Thisensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone canaccess. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removedbefore moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so farwill take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y... Success!Cleaning up...All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDBinstallation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!
Log database:
[root@db ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 16Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]>
Set the character set (recommended setting: UTF-8):
[root@db ~]# vim /etc/my.cnfThe default reads as follows:
[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
Modify the content:
[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemdinit_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'character-set-server=utf8collation-server=utf8_unicode_ciskip-character-set-client-handshake[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
Add content:
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
Modify the file:
[root@db ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnfDefault Content:
## These two groups are read by the client library# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server#[client]# This group is not read by mysql client library,# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,# use it for MariaDB-only client options[client-mariadb]
Modified content:
## These two groups are read by the client library# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server#[client]default-character-set=utf8# This group is not read by mysql client library,# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,# use it for MariaDB-only client options[client-mariadb]
Add content:
default-character-set=utf8
Modify the file:
[root@db ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnfDefault Content:
## These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools# Use it for options that affect only one utility#[mysql][mysql_upgrade][mysqladmin][mysqlbinlog][mysqlcheck][mysqldump][mysqlimport][mysqlshow][mysqlslap]
Modified content:
## These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools# Use it for options that affect only one utility#[mysql]default-character-set=utf8[mysql_upgrade][mysqladmin][mysqlbinlog][mysqlcheck][mysqldump][mysqlimport][mysqlshow][mysqlslap]
Add content:
default-character-set=utf8
Then restart the service to take effect:
[root@db ~]# systemctl restart mariadbMYSQL client to enter, view character sets:
[root@db ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 4Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";+--------------------------+----------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+----------------------------+| character_set_client | utf8 || character_set_connection | utf8 || character_set_database | utf8 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | utf8 || character_set_server | utf8 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |+--------------------------+----------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%collation%";+----------------------+-----------------+| Variable_name | Value |+----------------------+-----------------+| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci || collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci || collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |+----------------------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Had already refused to set the default root remote login, remote login if you want to open, too open the firewall to allow access to 3306:
[root@db ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcpsuccess[root@db ~]# firewall-cmd --reloadsuccess
MYSQL client enters modify permissions:
[root@db ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 5Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedMariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from user;+------+-----------+| user | host |+------+-----------+| root | 127.0.0.1 || root | ::1 || root | localhost |+------+-----------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='localhost';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from user;+------+-----------+| user | host |+------+-----------+| root | % || root | 127.0.0.1 || root | ::1 |+------+-----------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Do two things:
1. Modify localhost of%, which allows any host to access.
2. Refresh rights. (This one can also be changed to restart the server.)
Next, you can remotely access the:
[user@client ~]$ mysql -hdb.xxx.com -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MariaDB connection id is 7Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]>
If there is no authority, you are prompted as follows:
[user@client ~]$ mysql -hdb.xxx.com -uroot -pEnter password:ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '192.168.1.3' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server
At this point, we MariaDB's basic installation and configuration introductions. More experience will be further described in the follow-up, so stay tuned ~
For more information please search the public number: Technical Training Camp