Linux:
Shutdown command: halt init0
reboot: reboot init6
linux directory structure:
bin storage system executable command file
boot file storage system equivalent to the c drive under the [windows]
dev storage media devices
etc System configuration files
ordinary home user's home directory
lib basic software compiled libraries
Users opt to install the software directory
proc Device Information
run process tasks pid
root administrator home directory
tmp temporary storage of files in the directory [php session file]
usr file storage directory of your installed php [environment]
Log var various services, scheduled tasks
linux common commands:
Change directory # XXXX path cd
sl [show file directory path of the directory does not fill in the default display current path]
For more information ll show file directory file
[cal Year - time to view the calendar [optional] Add the specified time period to view the calendar]
date view time
yum install xxxx install the system packages
man command to view the command specification
rm -rf / * delete all files
fdisk -l lists the file belongs to disk
cat does not enter the file that lists the contents of the file
netstat -nltp View all processes running
ip ip addr View
mkdir create a folder
rm -rf (*) mandatory delete folders
touch to create a file
rm -f delete files
mv dir1 dir2 dir2 dir1 dir2 directory name change does not exist
cp -r dir1 dir2 copy all the contents of dir1 to dir2
pwd view the current location
uname [-a] View System Version
top view server (cpu memory) to run state
exit exit
tree -L n [filename] lists the file tree
more split-screen view file contents (spacebar Next, b Previous)
less split screen to view the contents of the file (you can look back, you must exit by Q)
head a few lines before displaying the file (default 10 lines)
Former head num display file contents -n num lines
tail -f to see the last few lines of the file content, and real-time updates (generally used for real-time query log log)
tailf
wc see the number of characters in the file, the number of lines
> Output redirection Example: echo nihao> test01.txt (test01.txt written inside the nihao)
>> output redirection Example: echo nihao> test01.txt (test01.txt written inside the cover nihao)
<Input redirection
<< input redirection
find / -name filename File Find File
which command query command executable file
tar:
* .tar unzip with tar-xvf
* .Tar.gz compressed file
Name after the tar czf compression to compress the file name of the compressed file
tar xf extracting archive file name
rz local upload files to the server
unzip archive Unzip the file name can only extract the .zip format []
sz file name to download the file to a local
wget download link address to the server
curl
ps -ef to list all processes
kill -9 PID closed process
killall process name] [MySQL php closed a task of all processes
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linux editor vim command:
Edit mode: i / a / o
Edit mode is switched to the command mode by ECS
: set num display line numbers
: set nu
:! Set nu not display line numbers
: N (number of rows) to jump to the n-th row
: Wq save and exit
: wq exit without saving!
: Q Force Quit
: q forced to exit without saving!
: U revocation
: S / xx / yy find the cursor to the first row is replaced xx yy
:% S / xx / yy xx will find all replaced YY
: delete the current cursor row dd
: N (number of rows) row dd delete the cursor to the next line in the current n
yy Copy current line
nyy cursor line to copy the current row n
p Paste
Repeat once on a command execution
0 to the beginning of the line
$ To end of line
G is moved to the end of file
move to the first line of the file gg gg jump diverted No.
Ctrl + v bulk operations
:% S # # to be replaced is replaced #g
/ N to select the character string search down a selection on the next N
? Search string up
awk -F 'separator' '{print $ 1 [Numerical - of how many columns]}' file name // file acquires the content of the i-th column
grep 'to get the value' // get the file name row
grep -V '^ query value' file name // negated
| Achieve a plurality of pipe symbol synchronization command Example: cat index.php | awk '{print $ 1}'
wc -l // line statistics
sed -i 's ### g' does not enter the batch file with the same function to replace the contents [% s ### g]
sort sort
linux user / administrator:
add users useradd username
useradd -g (subscriber group) -M username (remove) -s
usermod -g (group id) -d home directory -u user id -l modify the user name
Delete user userdel username
userdel -r Delete the user and remove the user's home directory corresponding
Creating user groups groupadd
groupadd -g group user id to add a user group specify a user group id
groupmod modify user groups
groupmod -n rent new name of the old group name of
the user group id groupmod -g group id to modify the group name
groupdel group name to delete a user group (group there is also a user, then delete failed)
passwd change password
passwd username modify the specified user name (only the root user can operate)
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query for all users: tail -n 5 etc / passwd
You discover all user groups: tail -n 5 / etc / group
Query the current user's user group: groups id
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Linux user permission settings command:
chmod permissions filename value set user rights
chnod R filenames recursively set user rights
Chown user belongs to the user to modify the file filename
User belongs to the user chown R filename recursively modify file
chgrp Change the file belongs to group
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Intermediate knowledge of linux
2.1 Shell Scripting
File creation: vim * .sh
Script format: # / bin / bash!
Script execution command: bin / bash filename | ./ execute permissions to modify the file filename
2.2 Variable Assignment: name = 'haha' age = 23
Variable splicing: echo $ name $ age
String interception: echo $ {name: 2: 4}
Array assignments: username = ( 'haha' 'hehe')
Array output echo $ {username [0]}
All values print array echo $ {username [*]} | echo $ {username [@]}
2.3 traditional values
execute scripts value 1 value 2
Gets the count by value: $ #
Gets the incoming value: $ 1 $ 2 .....
Get the current process PID: $$
query script whether the error: $? [127 0 no error error]
2.4 Flow Control if
! // non -o // or -a // and
if [Condition] @ conditions must be spaced brackets and
the then
elif
the else
Fi
-d // directory exists -f // judge to determine whether a file exists -e // determine whether the directory or file exists
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apache nginx difference
apache: 1. 2. stable handling dynamic requests have an advantage 3. feature-rich, but take up more than 4.select model blocked resources
nginx: lightweight, small footprint 2. Anti-concurrent 3. easy to configure
Summary: Both the core difference: apache is the simultaneous multi-threading model is asynchronous nignx