https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/aEgG9L2kfCQTSdj5yUxLqQ Wrong scene memory chip .. It is estimated that job long Hefei Xin Wuhan Yangtze store.
Wen: Zhang Shuai
China cloud computing industry and to what extent, probably few people can say very clearly, the global cloud computing industry perspective on the interpretation placed even fewer.
Recently, produced by the Institute of the State Council Development Research Center of International Technical and Economic "China cloud computing industry development white paper" released. Cloud computing are quite a few industry white papers, this special is that units directly under the State Council issued the State Council to encourage policies on enterprise cloud front, the White Paper is a comprehensive and systematic exposition of cloud computing industry, and provides proactive insight and pre sentenced.
Do first explain the background, the rapid development of cloud computing is not just the natural evolution of industries and technologies, the White Paper pointed out, China's cloud computing industry is facing a critical period of development.
- On the one hand, China's cloud computing industry with the global trend of development of the digital economy rapid development and growth, has become China's economic structure adjustment guarantee to digital, intelligent transformation of critical infrastructure;
- On the other hand, by the impact of trade friction and upgrading of traditional industries and emerging information technology iteration demand pressures, exposing our cloud computing core technology with independent existence of a lower level of research and development, innovation, application ecosystem construction industry lags behind the outstanding problems.
A relationship, cloud computing and the digital economy
Cloud computing and the digital economy has been associated to say not very fresh, but specifically addressed cloud computing in the digital economy, or the next economic cycle plays a role, everyone said is not entirely consistent.
This white paper is to set forth - The world is in the 30 years after the ICT industry development period from the beginning of the 1980s, three years between 2016-2018, economic growth figures in these industries are maintained at 40% per annum . In the meantime, AI technologies such as cloud computing and the digital economy has become an important enabling technology.
For example, a robot with AI capabilities in application scenarios manufacturing plant and warehouse, manufacturing enterprises make possible the production decisions based on perception, the more advanced manufacturing methods, manufacturing enterprises will inevitably change the old business model, and ultimately digitized intelligent transformation and upgrading.
For digital economy, cloud computing is not just to achieve pooling of IT resources, enhance performance, reduce costs and simplify management tools, and more importantly, provide a wealth of services for industrial digital transition . That cloud-based platform integration of various production and marketing resources to promote effective docking downstream industry chain and collaborative innovation, dramatically reducing the threshold of corporate digital transformation, accelerate the development of the digital economy.
Second, cloud computing is a big country competition
Is open wire technology, great power rivalry is hidden behind dark line technology, which is why each country to improve the strategic position of the cloud.
United States: 2011 to enact "The federal government cloud strategy" to address the US federal government e-government infrastructure, low utilization, resource requirements decentralized system redundant construction and other issues. While encouraging cloud on all major US industries, with a cloud, to encourage financial, manufacturing, government and other major industries to migrate to the cloud service system, and suggested that the US share of goals scale cloud computing industry in high-tech industries, and strive to achieve by 2020 at least 30%.
UK: "The government cloud computing strategy," pointed out that in 2020, the British scale cloud computing industry in high-tech industries accounted for more than 50 percent, driven by the digital economy industry to achieve 30-50% CAGR;
Germany: "Cloud Computing Initiative" to encourage the federal and state governments to adopt cloud computing technologies in e-government, and strive to a substantial increase in 2021 With cloud computing industry to promote digital economic output;
Japan: "intelligent cloud strategy" to promote the government's cloud computing applications, cloud computing and strive to 2020, the output value exceeded 400 trillion yen, and by cloud computing applications to drive enterprise digital transformation, digitization of various industries, intelligent upgrade.
Typical country to the United States, for example, US cloud computing industry has gone through five stages:
After 1,2006 years ago, introducing the concept stage
Google (Google) CEO Eric Schmidt in August 2006 of "Search Engine Assembly SES" first proposed "cloud computing" (Cloud Computing) concept of cloud computing development also mark the opening.
2,2006-2008 years, business promotion, user awareness stage
During this period, each US IT companies actively introduce the concept of cloud computing, large-scale users of market and publicity. Users and government are also highly concerned about the development of cloud computing technologies, the government vigorously promote cloud computing-related technical standards, the development of industry planning, pay close attention to user core values of cloud computing solutions to enterprise information systems and business development brings. With the development of companies such as VMware, virtualization, cloud computing and other distributed computing base on which technology continues to develop and improve, Amazon (AWS), Google and other US Internet companies began to take the lead in the introduction of related businesses.
3,2009-2010 years, accelerated landing stage
The US government actively promote cloud computing industry. Federal Information Commission published in 2009 the federal government cloud computing development plan to guide government use of cloud computing to improve efficiency and reduce IT investment; in 2010 that "cloud first" strategy, the government accelerate cloud applications. In addition to the government, in this period, finance, manufacturing to become the first to cloud the industry, in order to reshape the global competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, the consolidation of a global financial center, with "advanced manufacturing" and "financial intelligence" and so on, the United States encouragement financial, manufacturing enterprises migrate to the cloud platform.
4,2011-2015 years, extensive application stage
In 2011, the US government officially released "The Federal cloud computing strategy," to create a social environment of cloud computing applications, and promote the development of cloud computing industry to guide the government and the industry to migrate to the cloud platform, explicit requirements to the end of June 2012, each government departments at least three services will migrate to the cloud computing service, in addition, the federal government invested about $ 20 billion a year for cloud computing procurement and research and development. At the same time, finance, manufacturing, retail, logistics, transportation, education, medical and other industries began to widely used cloud computing technology.
5,2016 years now, the popularity phase
After security of cloud computing services had rapid development, IaaS, etc., reliability has been widely recognized and accepted, at the same time, along with more and more developers to choose a more flexible and convenient PaaS cloud platform for application development, making the industry more applications deepen, and other institutions, according to IDC data released in the field of supermarkets, health, education, and other public facilities, the application of cloud infrastructure has exceeded 75%. , The entire industry has formed a complete value chain and ecosystem.
Lei Feng network that our country is typical of latecomer after latecomer hair also has benefits, can significantly shorten the front part, and a successful industry practice for reference, compared to the same period, China's cloud computing industry development should be the speed of .
Third, China cloud computing industry overview
Industrial scale
According to the National Development and Reform Commission data show that from 2010, the Chinese government invested more than 1 billion yuan each year funds for promoting the development of cloud computing industry, has invested a total of over 10 billion yuan.
Comprehensive Chinese Information and Telecommunications Research Institute, IDC and other research agencies released data show that in 2018, China cloud computing industry reached 96.28 billion yuan.
From a regional perspective, north, east, south China's cloud computing industry's leading region, mainly because these areas focused on China's major Internet companies and financial, consumer goods, manufacturing and other industrial users, where the highest share in North China , accounting for 23.1%.
From the industry perspective, the current, the main users of cloud computing in China is concentrated in the field of Internet, transportation, logistics, finance, telecommunications, government, etc., in recent years, the amount of data the industry surge, more areas began to use cloud computing technology Data Mining value, although the Internet industry is still dominant, but cloud computing scale transportation logistics, finance and other industries also occupy an important position.
Fourth, China cloud computing industry chain basic situation
According to the industrial structure, the chain can be divided into the cloud computing hardware upstream core (chip: CPU, a flash memory, since the chip - including servers, storage chips and the like, is the core part of the chain upstream of the cloud, and therefore this report servers and storage chips forth), midstream IT infrastructure (servers, storage devices, network equipment, etc.) and a downstream Eco cloud (base platform, a cloud native applications, etc.) in three parts.
Of cloud computing industry chain structure as shown below:
Fifth, the upstream core hardware: chip links still weak
Lei Feng network learned that in China cloud computing market, the main cloud computing service provider, network and storage resources, the vast majority of chip equipment from foreign companies. In addition, the vast majority of flash memory chips from the United States and Japan and South Korea companies.
At present, China has become the world's largest semiconductor market, has become one of the fastest growing cloud computing market. At the same time, due to the growing complexity of the situation in the international competition, increasing trade friction, developed countries have prohibited the export of chip technology and products as an important tool to curb the development of competitors. For example in 2018, the United States repeatedly ban on China's chip high-tech enterprises.
- Independent research and development status of the server chip
After the "prism" incident, in 2015 the United States banned the sale of Intel's high-end server chips to China, but China began to promote vigorously promote independent research and development process of computer chips.
At present, our server chips independently developed mainly in the following directions: Alpha architecture, ARM architecture, MIPS architecture, the X86 architecture, Power Architecture, the emergence of a MIPS-based Godson-based mega-core X86 and ARM-based Tianjin soar and Huawei Kunpeng 920 and Alpha-based architecture of Shen Wei, Chengdu. RISC-V also won many domestic technology companies concerned based on reduced instruction set (RISC) instruction set architecture principles of open source.
Alpha architecture developed by DEC, the RISC processor architecture is one of the fastest, but most of Alpha's patents have expired or soon expired, the current domestic research and development of such architecture processor chip is Shen Wei Chengdu, the company based on the the development server chip architecture can have autonomy and self-development path of the extended instruction.
ARM architecture, the current domestic server chip companies among them soar and Tianjin Huawei R & D based on ARM architecture server chips, the two companies have v8 architecture unlimited perpetual license, unlimited v8-based architecture development, self-evolution.
2019, Huawei released Kunpeng 920 chip, the chip is based on 7nm process technology, Huawei self-developed, large data processing and storage, distributed application design; the same year, Huawei also released AI processor - rising 910. Huawei chip design has the ability to override the server, AI terminal, and three areas.
2018, Tianjin soar released 64 FTC661 integrated processor cores FT-2000 + products, upgrade technology to 16nm, the highest single-core frequency upgrade to 2.6GHz, and support for DDR4.
The above-mentioned companies has many years of accumulation server chip development, signposted (such as Huawei already planning the next generation of 5nm chips), large eco-development efforts, and has been applied in operators, government, financial, Internet and other fields.
MIPS architecture, domestic server chip companies among them, based on the Godson architecture research and development, early Godson had planned research and development based on the PC processor architecture, but the results failed, Godson now turn to research and development based on the architecture server chips.
Power Architecture, intellectual property is owned by IBM in 2015, is open to Chinese companies, but there are some limitations due to its open, server-based chip architecture of the development of domestic research and development be affected degree.
- Memory chips independently developed status
In the field of memory chips, Chinese manufacturers lack core technology in the field of high-end memory chips, the need to cooperate with foreign countries.
At present, purple Guoxin, Wuhan Xinxin and other companies have or are building a memory chip factory, independent research and development in the field of memory chips. Purple Guoxin as Unisplendour Group in memory chip manufacturing plants around the principal investor, is involved in memory chip design, production, testing, and plan to build a primary focus 12 inches DRAM memory chip research and development.
Fujian is the Jinhuagong earlier in the memory chip R & D enterprises in Fujian, Shanghai and other places has memory chip factory. 2019, the United States announced the implementation of Fujian Jinhuagong ban, prohibit US companies to sell technology and products to the latter, the company's independent research and development process is affected.
- The main bottleneck chips
At present, the domestic chip industry has a substantial progress from the capital to technology research and development level and so on, the degree of autonomy controlled greatly improved. But many chip industry sectors, there are still many technical barriers lie in front of Chinese chip companies, the most important bottleneck focused on designing and manufacturing sectors.
In the chip design aspects of the current chip design software simulation of core technologies are monopolized by US companies.
Chip design simulation software makes chip design and the difficulty of VLSI production greatly reduced, there is no support for this kind of software, research and development of advanced chips will increase the difficulty of an order of magnitude, whether Intel or Samsung, they can not leave the simulation design software and design chip.
The field of high technology threshold, not only to let the computer automatically generate the circuit, but also to optimize the simulation, a large research and development difficult. At present the main provider in this area have Cadence and Synopsys other simulation software design technology has been developed to the third generation, can achieve parallel simulation, supports standard multi-core servers.
The key chip design software simulation of self-control is the ability of the business to fully grasp all aspects of technology, including architecture design, module design, coding, testing, simulation, optimization layout, clock and power supply, assembly and test design.
In the chip manufacturing sector, currently the world's most advanced process technology mastered by multinational corporations, and the Chinese mainland chip manufacturing process technology still remain in the 22nm and 16nm.
Process technology lag is caused by mainland China's chip industry one of the important reasons behind the developed countries and regions. For example, can be put into operation in 2020, TSMC process 5nm, 2nm technology under development, it is expected to be commercially available in 2024.
In addition, 7nm process core manufacturing equipment now only the Netherlands, Japan and a few other countries can produce, the local industry in this area need to break through as quickly as possible. Advanced, self-control and process engineering R & D will not only allow a chip to enhance the level of industrial development level, but also computing industry and the digital transformation of other industries play a strong role in boosting China's cloud.
Middle reaches of the IT infrastructure: Domestic equipment without "core"
IT infrastructure is an important resource to support cloud application platform consists of server, storage, network devices and other components. China's domestic manufacturers after years of development, in servers, storage, networking equipment market has occupied an important position in the market.
To server and storage areas, for example, our server industry has developed rapidly in recent years, driven by the digital transition, such as the concept of Smart +, China's server industry has maintained a good growth trend, according to IDC data show that in 2018, China X86 server market shipments of 3.304 million units, up 26.1%; market size of 115.195 billion yuan, an increase of 54.9%.
In the storage market, by 2018, China's storage market accounted for 12.0% of global storage market, full year 2018 increased by 26.8% to $ 3.2 billion.
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The main bottleneck in the field of IT equipment
Although the server, storage and other basic equipment is made in China, but most of the chip is the X86 architecture, once the situation of trade friction occurs, it is likely to be technological blockade other countries.
Compare Alpha architecture, ARM architecture, MIPS and Power Architecture architecture, from the practical point of view, the current application is Huawei Kunpeng Tarzan server chips based on ARM architecture-based server chips soar Tianjin, Chengdu-based Alpha architecture of Shen Wei chip servers, which have entered the government centralized procurement list, we believe the future there will be some applications in the field of government.
Downstream cloud ecosystem: flourishing
Our ecosystem for cloud computing industry is critical, even more than the importance of its chips and IT infrastructure two areas, although our country can develop self-control chip and infrastructure, but if there is no open-source environment for users, ISV and SI build an open industry application system, so our cloud computing market will eventually become a foreign manufacturers of cloud computing technology product dumping ground.
Cloud ecosystem includes cloud-based platform, database, native cloud and SaaS applications, cloud ecosystem vendors numerous advances example only part here.
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Cloud-based platform
2019, Huawei released Kunpeng cloud cloud services and solutions, Kunpeng cloud service aggregation Huawei self-developed chips and hardware devices that support a variety of domestic server operating system.
In 2013, Ali cloud independent research and development of large-scale distributed computing platform, "flying" over five thousand scale deployment of X86 cluster, multi-cluster co-operation. 2019, Ali released cloud computing-based private cloud Ali encore agile cloud soar CPU platform standard platform.
Tencent cloud dawn and Branch signed a strategic cooperation agreement in 2017, to deepen in the field of smart city business, cloud city, industry cloud, big data and other cooperation, and jointly create "safe and controlled" and "cloud platform pipe" solution. 2019, Tencent released Tencent cloud TStack cloud-based hardware platform soar. Major domestic manufacturers are building their own cloud-based platform, and open source or self-study, no list for yourself here.
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database
The database is dependent enterprise IT asset-heavy, especially cloud database has gradually become a new generation of IT infrastructure. At present, the rapid development of Chinese manufacturers in this field. In terms of market performance, polarDB good progress Ali, Tencent cloud database growth rate of 123% over the same period foreign database platform Oracle's growth rate of 66%.
In terms of technical progress, in 2019, Huawei launched a distributed database GaussDB, using MPP (Massive Parallel Processing) architecture that supports storage row and column storage, providing a level of amount of data PB (Petabyte) processing capability. Ants gold dress launched domestic database platform OceanBase has also been open at Github.
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Cloud native
Huawei cloud in 2015, native cloud technology investments included in the strategic scope, in 2019, Huawei launched KubeEdge 1.0, to achieve a comprehensive end edge cloud collaboration, performance, reliability and stability improvements, and support grid computing capabilities to "push "to the edge, support for heterogeneous computing to GPU, FPGA and ARM as the representative of providing computing resources and cloud edge.
2019 Ali cloud released the edge of the container and native cloud application management and delivery system, can achieve cloud edge of the container, side, end integrated application delivery, distribution and support life-cycle management applications in different system architectures and network conditions.
Tencent cloud also released a native cloud technology products for enterprise different scenarios, including enterprise-class container services platform TKE, container service grid, Serverless 2.0, one-stop DevOps.
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SaaS applications
According to IDC analysis shows that in the corporate purchasing SaaS spending, the application of procurement dominant part, SaaS applications includes enterprise resource management (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM), followed by the content workflow and management applications, and collaborative applications ( cloud video conferencing, cloud collaboration platform).
With the arrival of domestic cloud computing ToB era, the domestic Internet companies are in the enterprise market force, the traditional software leader Kingdee, UF, Glodon, is satisfied that, stone base and so on to the cloud transformation; startups are starting to emerge as enjoy numerous customer sales, sales easily, North Forest and other quality manufacturers.
Industry has now entered the stage of quality growth, domestic SaaS market inflection point soon.
Previous management software era, China's general-purpose software vendors (such as UF, Kingdee) layout and technical strength is relatively backward area of international giants, and large enterprises (SOEs lot, the central enterprises) market is inaccessible.
From the current perspective of the development, after the emergence of SaaS, domestic users is gradually achieve localization alternatives, such as using Oracle North China before the oil using SAP (SAP), and these enterprises in the cloud have opted for domestic enterprises Kingdee.
VI Summary
- Cloud Ecosystem major bottleneck: the industry is the vast majority of Windows-based applications and run X86 architecture, once these commercial technologies is limited, will give the industry applications running huge risks.
- In 2016-2018 annual growth rate of China cloud computing industry maintained above 30%, but compared to the US, the 2018 Chinese cloud computing market is equivalent to only about US cloud computing market by 8% , which is about the same period China's GDP the difference accounted for 66% of US GDP in the current situation significantly. Thus, the Chinese cloud computing development level and the level of economic development show serious mismatch conditions.
- Our government and enterprise cloud rate there is not a small gap with the developed countries. According to McKinsey and other research institutions in 2018, the American Enterprise Cloud rate has reached 85%, the enterprise cloud EU rate of around 70%, while according to incomplete statistics organizations and institutions such as the Chinese Institute of Electronics, 2018, China enterprise cloud on the industry rate of only 40% .
- Self-control full-stack cloud computing platform will become the mainstream of the government and large enterprises IT infrastructure. Government and large enterprise customers requires self-control to cloud computing technology will increase, especially for critical information systems running the government and the company's core applications and data, even the need to include all aspects of chip, IT infrastructure and ecosystems the whole process to achieve full self-control.