Block chain technology applications in many fields!
First, information sharing
This should be the block chain easiest scenario is to pass on information.
1, the traditional information sharing pain points
Either unified information dissemination and distributed by a center, either timed batch reconciliation between each other (typically once a day), time-sensitive information sharing requirements, it is difficult to achieve real-time sharing.
Lack of information sharing both the communication of mutual trust, it is difficult to determine whether the information received was sent by the other party.
2, block chain information sharing +
First, the block chain itself is the need to maintain the consistency of data each node, it can be said to own information sharing; secondly, real-time problems can be achieved through P2P technology block chain; Finally, the block can not be tampered with chain and consensus mechanism, which can be built a secure and reliable information sharing channels.
Will do you have this question: to solve the above problem, do not block chain technology, build my own encrypted channels can also get ah! But I want to say, since the block chain technology can solve these problems, and very easy to add nodes, before you have not already built a secure and reliable information sharing system, why not block chain technology?
Second, copyright protection
1, the traditional forensic proof of the pain points
Complex process: to copyright protection, for example, proved that the existing forensic way, long time of registration, and expensive.
Lack of credibility: the legal deposit certificate, for example, individual or centralized agency may be tampered with data, credibility is difficult to guarantee.
2, authentication proof block chain +
To simplify the process: block chain applied to the appraisal certificates, whether registered or queries are very convenient, no longer running between various departments.
Safe and reliable: decentralized storage block chain to ensure that no one institution can be any tampering with the data.
3. Application
Application block chain in the field of authentication proof of copyright protection, legal deposit certificates, etc., below to copyright protection, for example, simply to say how the next block chain how to achieve copyright registration and queries.
(1) electronic identity card: the "Applicant + + Published contributions" and so after uploading copyright information encrypted copyright information for uniquely block chain ID, rather we have an electronic ID card.
(2) the timestamp protection: copyright information is stored, is time-stamped information, at right similar, it can be used to prove successively.
(3) Reliability Assurance: decentralized storage block chain, and private key signature, tamper-proof features to enhance the reliability of the authentication information.
Third, the logistics chain
Goods from producers to consumers, need to go through multiple links, cross-border shopping is more complicated; intermediate links often go wrong, consumers can easily buy fakes. The problem is the fake plagued by major businesses and platforms, has no solution.
1, the traditional security is traceable means
Maotai to anti-counterfeiting technology has been plagued by fake and shoddy products, for example, since 2000, its wine Gehry has a unique RFID tag can be read by the NFC mobile phones and other devices, and then verify the Maotai by APP in order to prevent counterfeit products. At first glance, this security is very reliable. But 2016 was detonated Maotai security fraud, although validated by the NFC OK, but was identified as adulterated liquor Maotai professionals. Later, in the "country liquor Maotai security traceability system" database audit found 800,000 fake security label record, the Department of anti-counterfeiting technology company personnel involved in counterfeiting; subsequently, the Maotai switch security chip security labels.
But exposed out here does not address pain points, namely security information in the hands of a central authority, people who have permission can be modified. (This way Maotai counterfeiting, but also gives rise to recycle old bottles, old bottles of adulterated liquor industry, security long way to go).
In May 2017 the number of Guiyang Bo, Ma Ying-jeou on the proposed use of Maotai security block chain; then the on-block chain and logistics chain have what advantage?
2, the logistics chain block chain +
Block chain is no centralized node, each node is equal to master a single node can not be achieved to modify the data; need to control enough nodes, it may be falsified data, greatly increase the cost of falsified data.
Block chain born open, transparent, so that anyone can publicly available, the probability of falsified data to be found greatly increased.
Data block chain can not be tampered with nature, but also to ensure that the products have been sold out already a permanent record and can not get away by simply copying security information to achieve the secondary sales.
After all nodes block chain logistics chain, goods are tracked from the manufacturer to the hands of consumers, formed a complete chain; more merchandise missing link, it will expose a greater probability of shoddy products.
Fourth, supply chain finance
1, the traditional supply chain financing carte
In general the supply chain trade, from raw material procurement, processing and assembly to inter-business sales are related to the funding of expenditure and revenue, while corporate capital spending and income is a time difference, which formed the funding gap, the majority the need for financing production.
Each role financing situation:
The core business or big business: a large scale, good credit, strong bargaining power, by getting goods after the first payment, extended account of the financial pressure to conduct follow-up to the supplier; in addition, its financing capacity is the strongest.
Tier One suppliers: the core business by credit transfer, bank financing can be obtained.
Other vendors (mostly small and medium micro enterprises): small-scale, the development of stable, low credit, high risk, difficult to obtain bank loans; can not think the same as the core enterprise has a long account of; generally smaller companies that account the shorter the period, small businesses need cash getting goods. Such a one is like the contrast: the small and micro enterprises to large enterprises to borrow money interest-free to do business.
2, block chain + supply chain finance
The face of the supply chain of small and medium micro enterprises financing difficulties, mainly due to the lack of an effective mechanism of trust between banks and SMEs.
After all nodes in the supply chain if the chain by the private key signature block chain to ensure that the core business such as data reliability; and the chain contracts, bills, etc., is a digital asset, easy flow, realize the value transfer .
In the block chain to address the data reliability and value in circulation, banks and other financial institutions facing financing for SMEs, the enterprise is no longer a separate assessment; but standing on top of the entire supply chain, the core business of trust by willingness to pay for the transaction in the chain of information bill, contract and other all-round analysis and assessment. That means the core business of credit strength and a reliable trading chain for small and medium micro enterprise financing endorsement achieve financing from a single link in the whole chain financing to leap in order to ease the financing difficulties of small and medium micro enterprises.
Fifth, cross-border payments
1, the traditional cross-border payments
Cross-border payments involving multiple currencies, there is the exchange rate, the traditional cross-border payments is very dependent on third parties, there are two problems;
Process cumbersome, long billing cycle: the traditional cross-border payments are basically non-real-time, day-end batch processing bank transactions, usually require a deal for more than 24 hours to complete; cross-border payments some banks appear to be real-time, but in fact, it is based on the receiving bank credit transfer bank did advance a certain amount, then the final fund settlement and reconciliation in the day, business processing speed.
High fees: There is a lot of manual reconciliation mode operation of a conventional cross-border payments, in addition to rely on third parties, leading to high fees, McKinsey "2016 Global Payments" report data show that a sum of cross-border payments through correspondent mode completed the average cost of between $ 25 to $ 35.
2, block chain + cross-border payments
These problems, in large part because of information asymmetry still not established an effective trust mechanism.
Introducing block chain to solve the problem of cross-border payments of asymmetric information, and to establish a degree of trust mechanism; two benefits.
Efficiency, lower costs: the access block chain technology, through public and private key technology to ensure reliability of data, encryption and then through to the center, to achieve the object of the data is not tampered, and finally, through the P2P technology, the clearing point ; eliminating traditional center forward, improve efficiency and reduce costs (also prospected the possibility of cross-border popularity of micro-payment).
Traceability, compliance with regulatory requirements: the traditional settlement can not but point scale applications, in addition to the issue of trust, there is the existence of regulatory loopholes (point to point private transactions, the risk of money laundering), and the transaction block chain transparency, information disclosure, trading records can be traced back to achieve a permanent preservation, in line with regulatory requirements.
Six digital assets
1, there is the problem of physical assets
It is often difficult to separate physical assets, are not easy to flow
Difficult to monitor the flow of physical assets, there is the risk of money laundering
2, block chain to achieve digital assets
After the asset digital, easy to split, facilitating the movement of low transaction costs
After the realization of assets digitizing block chain technology, all asset transactions open, transparent, permanent storage, can be traced back, in full compliance with regulatory requirements
Seven, tokens
Speaking block chain, always not open around the token; because bitcoin block chain born, endowed with the attributes of tokens, the most successful application of the block chain is also Bitcoin.
1, there is the traditional monetary issues
The traditional right to issue currency in the hands of the State, there is a risk of currency spamming
Since the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, still four expeditions, consume large amounts of money and food, in order to financial problems, long-term junk currency, causing serious inflation, the majority of the people living in the aquatic hot, causing refugees everywhere, national chaos, 1368, Yuan became a mighty short-lived only 97 years, a ghost, to the demise.
Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, after the failure of land reform, economic collapse, government deficits, began printing; 100 Zimbabwe currency convertibility about $ 100 in 2001; in January 2009, the central bank issued 100 trillion Tianjin Xinjin yuan face value of currency collapse accelerated, Jin yuan eventually abandoned in favor of "dollarization" of monetary policy. 2017 coup in Zimbabwe, President Robert Mugabe is ousted.
Traditional accounting authority in the hands of a centralized agency, there is an intermediary system failures, breach intermediary, the intermediary deception, and even intermediary shamelessly and other risks.
March 2013, Cyprus to get bailout, depositors of the bank a one-time tax of about 5.8 billion euros, 9.9% tax to deposit no less than 10 million euros in one-time, lump-sum taxation to less than 100,000 euros 6.75%.
April 2017, Minsheng Bank 3,000,000,000 false financial exposure incident, a branch president of the Department of counterfeit capital preservation interest financial products caused more than 150 investors quilt.
2, how to block chain to solve these problems
Bitcoin addresses the issue of trust in the currency and accounting aspects of the issue, we look at how Bitcoin eleven break above two issues.
Spamming issues: acquired only through Bitcoin mining available, and the total amount of Bitcoins to 21 million, in part to solve the issue of monetary junk; books modifications question: Bitcoin transaction through a chain store and decentralized global network composed of nodes to address the question of amending the books.
Chain store can be simply understood as: block storage record is a piece attached, form a chain; all but one block are blocks of the parity record contains information from a previous block, a change of any zone information block, will result in subsequent blocks checked to be erroneous. Because of this correlation, the intermediate block can not be inserted into the other, so it is difficult to modify an existing record.
Away the center of the node can be simply understood as: global central node are equal, have exactly the same books, so the problem does not affect any node record books. And to modify the books, more than half of the world must modify the node to complete; and it seems almost impossible at present. Since the books can not be modified, and that time if the accounting of cheating it? First, each Bitcoin transaction is signed by a private key, others can not fake this record. You can only modify the transaction initiated by himself.
Secondly, on the question of accounting: accounting Bitcoin right, get through the workload proved to be simply understood as: determined by algorithm the same time, only one node access to global accounting right, the basic rule is to calculate who has the more resources, the greater the probability who get billing right, just over half of the entire network operator force, it is possible to achieve double flowers.