A, linux terminal command format
1, a terminal command format
command [-options] [parameter]
Description:
-
- the Command : command name, abbreviation English word or words corresponding function
- [-options] : option can be used to control the command can be omitted
- [Parameter] : The parameters passed to the command, may be zero, one, or more
- the Command : command name, abbreviation English word or words corresponding function
[] On behalf of optional
2, access command help information
command --help display command help command
man command Read command manual command
Second, the files and directories frequently used commands
- View directory contents
ls
- Change directory
cd
- Create and delete operations
touch
rm
mkdir
- Copy and move files
cp
mv
- View the file contents
cat
more
grep
- other
echo
Redirect > and >>
Pipeline |
Terminal practical tips
Zoom window terminal
-
- ctrl + shift + = enlarged font display terminal window
- ctrl + - reduced font display terminal window
Autocomplete
-
- In the input file / directory / command during the first few letters, press the tab key,
- If the input is not ambiguity, the system will auto-complete.
- If there are other file / directory / command , then click the tab key, the system will prompt commands that may be present and so on.
- In the input file / directory / command during the first few letters, press the tab key,
It has been used command
-
- Press Up / Down key to switch between commands have been used
- If you want to opt-out, and do not want to execute the currently selected command, press ctrl + c
1, view directory contents
1.1, ls command Description
- ls is the English abbreviation list, function list the contents of a directory. Quasi DOS's dir .
Features under linux files and directories
-
- File and directory names up to 256 characters.
- To . Documents for the beginning of the hidden files, you need to use -a display parameters to
- . Represents the current directory
- .. on behalf of parent directory
Common options
| parameter | meaning |
| -a | All subdirectories and files in the directory display, including hidden files |
| -l | Show details of the file as a list |
| -h | -L displays the file size with the humane way |
Use wildcards
| Tsuhaifu | meaning |
| * | It represents any number of characters |
| ? | Represent any one character, at least one |
| [] | It represents a set of characters match any of |
| [abc] | Matching a, b, c of any one of |
| [a-f] | Match any one character to within a range of f |
2, change directory
2.1、cd
- cd function is to change the current working directory
All linux directory and file names are case sensitive
| command | meaning |
| cd [directory] | Change the current working directory |
| cd | Switch to the current user's home directory (/ home / user directory) |
| cd ~ | Switch to the current user's home directory (/ home / user directory) |
| cd . | Remains unchanged in the current directory |
| cd .. | Return to the parent directory |
| cd - | Switch between the two most recent catalog of work |
Relative and absolute paths
-
- Relative path in the input path, not the front / or ~ represents the relative current directory the directory location of
- Absolute path in the input path, is the front / or - to indicate from the root directory / home directory specific directory starting position
3, create, and delete operations
3.1、touch
- Create a file or modify file time
- If the file does not exist , you can create a blank file
- If the file exists the last modification time, modify file
3.2、mkdir
- Create a new directory
| Options | meaning |
| -p | Create directories recursively |
3.3、rm
- To delete a file or directory
Rm command can not be recovered after deletion
| Options | meaning |
| -f | Force delete, ignore the file does not exist, without prompting |
| -r | Contents of directories recursively delete, when you delete a folder must be added to this parameter |
4, copying and moving files
| No. | command | English correspondence | effect |
| 01 | tree [directory name] | tree | A tree chart lists the file directory structure, ubuntu is not installed by default |
| 02 | cp source file destination | copy | Copy the file or directory |
| 03 | mv source file destination | move | Moving a file or directory / file or directory rename |
4.1、tree
- tree can list the files in the directory structure in a tree diagram
| Options | meaning |
| -d | Display only a directory |
4.2、cp
- cp specified file or directory to another file or directory
| Options | meaning |
| -i | Prompt before overwriting files |
| -r | If the given file is a directory file, cp will copy recursively all directories and files in the directory, the target file must be a directory name. It will be directly overwritten without prompt. |
4.3、mv
- mv may be used to move a file or directory can be re-used for a file or directory command
- It will directly overwrite the file
| Options | meaning |
| -i | When prompted to overwrite files |
5, view the file contents
| No. | command | English correspondence | effect |
| 01 | cat filename | concatenate | View the contents of the file, create a file, merge file, additional features such as file content |
| 02 | more filename | more | Split-screen display file contents |
| 03 | grep search text file name | grep | Search the contents of a text file |
5.1、cat
- cat can be used to view the contents of the file , create a file , merge files , additional file contents and other functions
- a cat will display all the contents of the file
| Options | meaning |
| -b | Non-blank line output line number |
| -n | Output line number for all lines |
There is also a linux nl command and cat -b command the same effect
5.2、more
- More split-screen display file contents, the contents of each page is displayed
Using more operation keys:
| Operation keys | Features |
| space bar | Scroll down a screen |
| Enter | Scroll down one line |
| ctrl + b | Scroll down a screen |
| ctrl + f | Scroll up a screen |
| q | drop out |
| /word | Search word character |
5.3、grep
- grep command is used to find files that match the criteria string
- grep allows text files to look for patterns, so-called modes, namely a regular expression.
| Options | meaning |
| -n | Line number |
| -v | Show all lines mismatch (corresponding inversion) |
| -i | Ignore case |
Two commonly used mode
| parameter | meaning |
| ^a | Beginning of the line, the search begins with a line |
| The $ | End of the line, the search ends with the line ke |
6, other
6.1、echo
- echo parameter specifies the text displayed in the terminal, usually in combination with redirection
6.2 redirect> and >>
- linux allow command execution result redirected to a file
- Original content displayed on the terminal output / append to the specified file
among them
- > Represents the output, if the file exists, it will overwrite the original contents of the file. Does not exist, create a file
- >> represents an additional, if the file exists, the contents will be appended to the end of an existing file. Does not exist, create a file
6.3, the pipeline |
linux allows output of a command may be through the pipeline as another command input
Commonly used for piping commands are:
More : split-screen display content
grep : command to query the specified text on the basis of the results of the query