nginx configuration record

Basic use

Grammar rules: location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { … }

= It represents the beginning of an exact match
^~Uri represents the beginning of a string beginning with a conventional, understood as the match url path. url do not nginx coding, so the request is / static / 20% / aa, may be regularly ^ ~ / static / / aa matched (note the space).
~ It represents the beginning of a regular case-insensitive match
~* It represents the beginning of a case-insensitive regular match
!~And !~*are not case-sensitive and case-insensitive match does not match the regular
/ General match, any requests are matched.

Match order for the case of multiple location configuration (reference from, yet the actual verification, try to know, not rigidly stick, for reference):

First match =, followed by matching ^ ~, followed by the positive matching file in order, finally to / generic matches. When there is a match success when stopped matching, processing requests by the current rule matches.
Here's an example

location = / {
   #规则A
}
location = /login {
   #规则B
}
location ^~ /static/ {
   #规则C
}
location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png|js|css)$ {
   #规则D
}
location ~* \.png$ {
   #规则E
}
location !~ \.xhtml$ {
   #规则F
}
location !~* \.xhtml$ {
   #规则G
}
location / {
   #规则H
}

So the effect is as follows:


访问根目录/， 比如http://localhost/ 将匹配规则A

访问 http://localhost/login 将匹配规则B，http://localhost/register 则匹配规则H

访问 http://localhost/static/a.html 将匹配规则C

访问 http://localhost/a.gif, http://localhost/b.jpg 将匹配规则D和规则E，但是规则D顺序优先，规则E不起作用， 而 http://localhost/static/c.png 则优先匹配到 规则C

访问 http://localhost/a.PNG 则匹配规则E， 而不会匹配规则D，因为规则E不区分大小写。

访问 http://localhost/a.xhtml 不会匹配规则F和规则G，http://localhost/a.XHTML不会匹配规则G，因为不区分大小写。规则F，规则G属于排除法，符合匹配规则但是不会匹配到，所以想想看实际应用中哪里会用到。

访问 http://localhost/category/id/1111 则最终匹配到规则H，因为以上规则都不匹配，这个时候应该是nginx转发请求给后端应用服务器，比如FastCGI（php），tomcat（jsp），nginx作为方向代理服务器存在。

The actual use can be configured three rules

#直接匹配网站根，通过域名访问网站首页比较频繁，使用这个会加速处理，官网如是说。
#这里是直接转发给后端应用服务器了，也可以是一个静态首页
# 第一个必选规则
location = / {
    proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/index
}

# 第二个必选规则是处理静态文件请求，这是nginx作为http服务器的强项
# 有两种配置模式，目录匹配或后缀匹配,任选其一或搭配使用
location ^~ /static/ {
    root /webroot/static/;
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|css|js|ico)$ {
    root /webroot/res/;
}

#第三个规则就是通用规则，用来转发动态请求到后端应用服务器
#非静态文件请求就默认是动态请求，自己根据实际把握
#毕竟目前的一些框架的流行，带.php,.jsp后缀的情况很少了

location / {
    proxy_pass http://tomcat:8080/
}

Other grammar

ReWrite grammar

last – 基本上都用这个Flag。
break – 中止Rewirte，不在继续匹配
redirect – 返回临时重定向的HTTP状态302
permanent – 返回永久重定向的HTTP状态301

The following expression can be used to determine:

`-f`和`!-f`用来判断是否存在文件
`-d`和`!-d`用来判断是否存在目录
`-e`和`!-e`用来判断是否存在文件或目录
`-x`和`!-x`用来判断文件是否可执行

The following may be used as the global variable is judged

例：http://localhost:88/test1/test2/test.php

$host：localhost
$server_port：88
$request_uri：http://localhost:88/test1/test2/test.php
$document_uri：/test1/test2/test.php
$document_root：D:\nginx/html
$request_filename：D:\nginx/html/test1/test2/test.php

Redirect grammar

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name start.igrow.cn;
    index index.html index.php;
    root html;
    if ($http_host !~ "^star\.igrow\.cn$" {
        rewrite ^(.*) http://star.igrow.cn$1 redirect;
    }
}

Hotlink Protection

location ~* \.(gif|jpg|swf)$ {
    valid_referers none blocked start.igrow.cn sta.igrow.cn;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        rewrite ^/ http://$host/logo.png;
    }
}

Set the expiration time depending on the file type

location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ {
    if (-f $request_filename) {
        expires 1h;
        break;
    }
}

Prohibit access to a directory

location ~* \.(txt|doc)${
root /data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone/test;
deny all;
}

Some of the available global variables

$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query