1.dd action is a copy of the file with the specified block size, and the designated conversion simultaneous copies.
Usage: dd [option]
if = input file (or device name)
of = output file (or device name)
ibs = bytes bytes bytes once read, i.e. the number of bytes read into the buffer area
obs = bytes bytes bytes of the write-once, i.e. number of bytes written in the buffer
bs = bytes and set the read / write buffer of bytes (and is also set ibs obs)
count = blocks copy only blocks block input
例：dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/new bs=1M count=128
2.fdisk disk partition management tool (less than 2T)
Usage: fdisk [option] device names
-l to check the partitions
fdisk into the interactive interface parameters when not in use
h View Help
n Create a new partition
e extended partition (at most only one extended partition)
p primary partition (may have to do more than four)
d delete a partition
l View all disk format type
p View partitioning
t modify the format of the disk
q exit without saving
w Save and Exit
Example: fdisk / dev / sda
n
e
4
Enter
+ 4G
p
w
3.parted partition tool (greater than 2T)
Usage: parted [option] device names
例：Parted /dev/sdb
help view commands
mklabel gpt to GPT partition type (modified partition format)
yes
mkpart primary 0 10 divided primary partition (unit: M)
ignore
mkpart primary linux-swap 11 21 divided swap
ignore
mkpart logical ext4 22 32 logically divided partitions
ignore
p View
rm delete
Changes 4.partprobe modify the partition table to notify the kernel
Usage: partprobe device name
Linux7 or Linux5 and 5 with the following versions partprobe
Linux6 renamed partx
例：psrtprobe/partx /dev/sda
5.mkfs format to create a file system (created after the partition, you need to write formatted data)
Usage: mkfs [option] device names
-b specifies the block
-t Specify the file system
Example: mkfs -t ext4 (equivalent to mkfs.ext4) -b 1M
6.mkswap Formatting swap partition
Usage: mkswap device name
The method of creating the swap partition: usually create a common partition, and then use the swap partition mkswap format formatted
例：mkswap /dev/sda
7.swapon / swapoff or switching off the swap swap
Usage: swapon / swapoff device name
例: swapon / swapoff / dev / sda
8.mount mount a file system
Usage: mount [option] device names
例：mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
9.umount Uninstall
Usage: umount [option] device names
例：umount /dev/sr0 /mnt
10.df View disk information
Usage: df [option] [Device Name]
-i 查看 inode
-T view the file system type
-h human readable
Example: df -iTh / dev / sda
11.dumpe2fs view information ext file system
Usage: dumpe2fs [option] device names
-o superblock see super fast information
-o blocksize block the view information
例：dumpe2fs /dev/sda
12.fsck (e2fsck) check and repair disk
Note: Do not use a good disk
Usage: fsck [option] device names
-t: Given the type of file system, or kernel itself has been defined support if the / etc / fstab of this parameter plus you do not need
-s: a sequentially executed a fsck command to check
-A: on / etc fstab the partition / do all the checks listed
-C: display a complete check progress
-d: Print e2 fsck of debug results
-p: -A while when conditions while a plurality fsck check performed together with
-R: -A while when conditions are omitted / not checked
-V: detailed display mode
-y: pre-set problems when checking all were answered [is]
-a: If the check is wrong then automatically fix
-r: If the check is wrong by the user to answer whether repair
Example: fsck -t ext4 / dev / sda