NFS storage server set up

1. What is NFS?

Network file system  网络文件系统   nfs共享存储

2.nfs can you do?

nfs 能为 不同主机系统之间    实现    文件的共享

3. Why should I use nfs?

在集群架构中使用

4.nfs can solve any problem?

1.解决多台机器静态资源一致性问题
2.解决多态机器资源共享
3.解决磁盘空间浪费的问题

5. Note the use of nfs?

1.添加共享存储,只会带来网站的访问延时和消耗,并不会增加网站访问的速度.
2.CDN---->(了解即可)
    1.购买厂商CDN   --->  用户请求img--->CDN--->负载均衡-->Web-->存储-->CDN缓存该图片
    2.所有的web都是用共享存储,图片此时一致, 只需要将图片定期的推送至CDN 

Principle 6.nfs achieve resolution?

本地文件操作方式:
    1.当用户执行mkdir命令,BashShell无法完成该命令操作,会将其翻译给内核。
    2.Kernel内核解析完成后会驱动对应的磁盘设备,完成创建目录的操作。
    

The principle == == NFS

1.NFS客户端执行增、删等操作,客户端会使用不同的函数对该操作进行封装。(windows linux mac)
2.NFS客户端会通过TCP/IP的方式传递给NFS服务端。(可靠)
3.NFS服务端接收到请求后,会先调用portmap进程进行端口映射。
4.nfsd进程用于判断NFS客户端是否拥有权限连接NFS服务端。
5.Rpc.mount进程判断客户端是否有对应的权限进行验证。读  写
6.idmap进程实现用户映射和压缩。
7.最后NFS服务端会将客户端的函数转换为本地能执行的命令,然后将命令传递至内核,由内核驱动硬件。

注意: rpc是一个远程过程调用,那么使用nfs必须有rpcbind服务

7. Install, configure, nfs service

1.安装
    [root@nfs ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y

2.配置
    1.共享什么目录?
    2.共享给谁使用?
    3.共享后目录,客户端拥有什么权限?
    [root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
    /data 172.16.1.0/24(rw)
    
3.根据配置进行初始化环境
    [root@nfs ~]# mkdir /data
    [root@nfs ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data/

4.启动
    [root@nfs ~]# systemctl enable nfs
    [root@nfs ~]# systemctl start nfs   

5.客户端测试
    [root@backup ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y
    [root@backup ~]# showmount -e 172.16.1.31
    Export list for 172.16.1.31:
    /data 172.16.1.0/24
    
    挂载远程172.16.1.31的/data至本地的/mnt目录
    [root@backup ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data /mnt


6.错误的示范
    #访问被拒绝 (没有允许该网段访问)
[root@backup ~]# mount -t nfs 10.0.0.31:/data /media/
mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 10.0.0.31:/data


    #能够连接,但是权限被拒绝
[root@backup mnt]# touch file
touch: cannot touch ‘file’: Permission denied


7.多个客户端共享一个存储服务器 (NFS)
8.实现开机自动挂载(因为服务器不重启)   扩展了解即可
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
172.16.1.31:/data             /media          nfs     defaults        0 0

PS:  如果nfs服务端出现问题:  客户端重启则会无法启动成功
        1.等待1分38s  自动进入系统
        2.进入单用户模式,注释开机自启动nfs
        3.将nfs恢复正常

9.nfs relevant configuration parameters

nfs share Parameters role
rw * read and write permissions (up to)
RO read-only privileges (only willing to look, do not want to write)
root_squash when the NFS client access to the root administrator, mapped to the anonymous user nfsnobody NFS server (not used)
no_root_squash when NFS clients to access when the root administrator, is mapped to the root administrator of the NFS server (not used)
no_all_squash no matter what NFS client account access, not user compression (talk behind cloud computing courses will spend)
all_squash no matter what NFS client account access, NFS servers are mapped to anonymous user (common)
Sync * simultaneously writing data to the memory and hard drive to ensure that no data is lost
async priority to save the data to memory, and then written to disk ; so that a higher efficiency, but may lose data
anonuid * configuration all_squash use NFS to specify the user UID, the system must exist
anongid * configuration all_squash use NFS to specify the user UID, the system must exist

1.rw 和 ro
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/data 172.16.1.0/24(ro)
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs

#提示,该目录是一个只读文件
[root@web01 media]# touch file
touch: cannot touch ‘file’: Read-only file system

2.验证all_squash  anonuid  anongid
    [root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
    /data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
1.创建系统真实用户,指定uid和gid为666
[root@nfs ~]# groupadd -g 666 www
[root@nfs ~]# useradd -u666 -g666 www
[root@nfs ~]# id www
uid=666(www) gid=666(www) groups=666(www)

2.变更属主和属组
[root@nfs ~]# chown -R www.www /data/

3.重启nfs
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs

4.客户端使用(一定要与服务端使用的匿名用户一致)
[root@web01 ~]# groupadd -g 666 www
[root@web01 ~]# useradd -u666 -g666 www
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/ /media/

10.nfs如何共享多个目录?
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
/data_2 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

== 1.NFS storage advantages ==
** 1. NFS easy to use, easy to deploy, reliable data, services and stability, to meet the needs of SMEs.

  1. NFS data are on file system, all data can be visible.
    In addition to NFS: (Glusterfs distributed gift) MooseFS FastDFS **

== 2.NFS storage limitations ==
** 1. Single point of failure, NFS itself does not support high availability, does not support clusters.

  1. NFS data are expressly does not do any checking of data, there is no password authentication (internal network use is strongly recommended). **

== == 3.NFS application recommendations
** 1. Production scene should be static data (jpg \ png \ mp4 \ avias possible to the scene CDN environment, in order to reduce the pressure of back-end storage

  1. If there is no cache or architecture, code, etc., problems left over by history itself is too large, multi-store no meaning **

    PS: NFS is used to share nothing else all static CDN are provided access.

== NFS combat: ==

环境准备:
服务器系统      角色             IP
CentOS 7.6  NfsServer(A)    172.16.1.31
CentOS 7.6  NfsClient(B)    172.16.1.41
CentOS 7.6  NfsClient(C)    172.16.1.7

准备3台虚拟机服务器,并且请按照要求搭建配置NFS服务。
NFS服务端(A)
NFS客户端(B)
NFS客户端(C)
1.在NFS服务端(A)上共享/data/w(可写)   及/data/r(只读)
2.在NFS客户端(B/C)上进行挂载

== server A: ==

1. 安装nfs-utils
[root@nfs ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y

2. 配置exports
[root@nfs ~]# cat /etc/exports
/data/r 172.16.1.0/24(ro,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
/data/w 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)

3. 根据配置进行初始化环境
[root@nfs ~]# groupadd -g 666 www
[root@nfs ~]# useradd -u666 -g666 www
[root@nfs ~]# mkdir /data/{r,w} -p
[root@nfs ~]# chown -R www.www /data/

4.重启nfs服务
[root@nfs ~]# systemctl restart nfs

== Client B: ==

1. 卸载之前遗留的挂载信息
[root@web01 ~]# umount -lf 172.16.1.31:/data
[root@web01 ~]# umount -lf 172.16.1.31:/data_2

2. 挂载
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/r /mnt
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data/w /media/

== Summary: ==

1.什么是NFS?
    网络文件系统
2.NFS主要实现的功能?
    让不同主机之间能共享目录
    https://blog.csdn.net/wykkunkun/article/details/79638288
3.NFS到底有什么用?
    日常          没用
    网站架构    有用?
    没有共享前有什么问题?
    共享后解决了什么问题?
        1.一致性
        2.减少磁盘空间
4.NFS实现共享原理?
5.NFS 安装 配置 使用?
6.客户端挂载?
    showmount
    mount 
    df -h
    /etc/fstab
6.多个客户端如何进行NFS的挂载?
    测试多个客户端数据是否一致
7.NFS相关参数?
    rw
    all_squash
    anonuid
    anongid
    sync
8.NFS服务端如何共享多个目录
9.NFS使用建议  CDN   -->CNAME

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/yinwu/p/11495683.html