Chrome Headless use
测试 Chrome 版本： 62.0.3202.89（正式版本）（64 位)
Python环境：python2.7
注： Headless模式需要59版本及以上！
Chrome installation and configuration not repeat them here, but it should be noted that:
The version number of the drive mapping relationship!
The version number of the drive mapping relationship! !
The version number of the drive mapping relationship! ! !
Chrome and Chromedriver mapping table:
Chromedriver Download Link: http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
1. Headless mode
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options chrome_options = Options() # 无头模式启动 chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') # 谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bug chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # 初始化实例 driver= webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options） # 请求百度 driver.get("http://www.baidu.com") 2. Disable Images
Web 2.1 Most of the information given in this way is less, but did not take effect in Headless mode, in a non-Headless mode is in effect.
prefs = {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2}
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
In this way the following 2.2 in Headless mode is in effect, non-Headless mode is in effect.
chrome_options.add_argument('blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false')
3. Add Agent
chrome_options.add_argument("--proxy-server=http://" + ip：port)
4. Modify User-Agent
Chrome Headless模式为什么要修改User-Agent, 来看一下同一个浏览器不同模式下的User-Agent：
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/62.0.3202.89 Safari/537.36"
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.89 Safari/537.36"
# 修改User-Agent
chrome_options.add_argument('user-agent= '你想修改成的User-Agent')
5. Open a new tab
#打开空白标签页的方式有很多， 在此只演示一种
js='window.open("https://www.jianshu.com/p/4fef4142b33f");'
driver.execute_script(js) # 通过打开新的标签页， 可以节省浏览器打开的时间，减少资源的浪费。
6. Close the new open tabs
# 分两步走
# 1.获取标签页的句柄
handlesList = driver.window_handles # 返回一个浏览器中所有标签的句柄列表， 顺序为打开窗口的顺序
# 2. 切换窗口， 关闭标签
driver.switch_to.window(handlesList[0]) # 切换到百度标签
driver.close() # 关闭标签，这里必须用 driver.close() ，用driver.quit()会导致浏览器关闭
7. driver after you are finished remember to driver.quit(), or otherwise cause a memory full
8. Other:
When switched labels, the method I had used this situation occurs because the method does not support:
Not only does not support this kind, there are the following:
driver.switch_to_active_element() ==> driver.switch_to.active_element() 定位到当前聚焦的元素上 driver.switch_to_alert() ==> driver.switch_to.alert() 切换到alert弹窗 driver.switch_to_default_content() ==> driver.switch_to.default_content() 切换到最上层页面 driver.switch_to_frame(frame_reference) ==> driver.switch_to.frame(frame_reference) 通过id、name、element(定位的某个元素)、索引来切换到某个frame driver.switch_to_window() ==> driver.switch_to.window() 切换到指定的标签页 driver.switch_to.parent_frame() switch_to中独有，可以切换到上一层的frame，对于层层嵌套的frame很有用 注： 用pycharm编程的时候还是提示switch_to_window， 但此方法已经不能用了！！