Java script-1

What is JavaScript?

JavaScriptIt is a 直译式scripting language, a 轻量级's 脚本语言.

What is a scripting language?

Script languageIt refers to the ability it does not have the development of the operating system, but is only used to control the writing of other programs 语言.

JavaScriptIt is a kind of 嵌入式(embedded)language. It provides the core syntax itself is not a lot, need to rely on more features 宿主环境(host)available. So, the language for embedding in a larger application environments, to call the underlying hosting environment provided API.

Current common JavaScripthost environment 浏览器and 服务器环境Node.

If from 语法the perspective, JavaScriptit is one 对象模型语言. A variety of host environments through this model, describing their function and operation of the interface, so that by JavaScriptcontrolling these functions.

At the same time, JavaScriptalso supports 函数式编程. So in the process of learning, we need to know more about and learn some different methods to solve the problem.

JavaScriptThe core section includes a grammar 基本语法构造and 标准库, of course, if learning the language also need to learn a different 宿主环境offer some other API[This API normally available only in the host environment], in order to facilitate the call when needed.

For example, the environment is often related to the host 浏览器, it provides an extra APIcan be divided into three categories:

  • Browser Control class: Operation Browser
  • Operation of the various elements of the page: DOM class
  • Web class: the Internet to achieve the various functions

And if you 宿主环境are Nodesuch 服务器环境, it will provide a variety of operating systems API, for example 文件操作API, 网络通信相关的APIand so on.

JavaScript development

Why studyJavaScript

  • Operational capabilities of the browser
  • More applications
  • More friendly for beginners
  • Increasingly powerful performance

The operational capability of the browser:

JavaScriptBirth, as is to 浏览器内置脚本语言allow developers to operate front-end browser. Although there have been many similar scripting language before, but the current situation, JavaScriptis only a universal browser scripting language, all browsers support.

Developers by JavaScriptallowing web pages to achieve greater display of results, and create a better user experience.

More applications:

With the recent development of JavaScriptthe language from the very beginning it can only be used 浏览器, and gradually spread to 服务端.

1, platform browser

With  HTML5 the emergence of the browser function itself is growing, not only can browse the Web, but more and more like a platform, JavaScript was able to call many system functions, such as local file operations, operating picture, calling camera and microphone and many more. This makes it  JavaScript possible to accomplish many things previously unthinkable.

2、Node

Node Project makes  JavaScript large-scale projects can be used to develop server-side, with the front and rear ends of the site are  JavaScriptdeveloped has become a reality. Some embedded platforms ( Raspberry Pi) can be installed  Node, so  JavaScript you can develop applications for these platforms.

3, database operations

JavaScript It can even be used to operate the database. NoSQL Database concept in itself is  JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)the basis of the birth of the format, most of the  NoSQL database to allow  JavaScriptdirect manipulation. Based on SQLthe language of open source database  PostgreSQLsupport  JavaScript as operating language, you can partially replace the  SQL query language.

4, mobile platform development

JavaScript 也正在成为手机应用的开发语言。一般来说,安卓平台使用 Java 语言开发,iOS 平台使用 Objective-C 或 Swift 语言开发。许多人正在努力,让 JavaScript 成为各个平台的通用开发语言。

PhoneGap 项目就是将 JavaScript 和 HTML5 打包在一个容器之中,使得它能同时在 iOS和安卓上运行。Facebook 公司的 React Native 项目则是将 JavaScript 写的组件,编译成原生组件,从而使它们具备优秀的性能。

Mozilla 基金会的手机操作系统 Firefox OS,更是直接将 JavaScript 作为操作系统的平台语言,但是很可惜这个项目没有成功。

5、内嵌脚本语言

越来越多的应用程序,将 JavaScript 作为内嵌的脚本语言,比如 Adobe 公司的著名 PDF 阅读器 AcrobatLinux 桌面环境 GNOME 3

6、跨平台的桌面应用程序

Chromium OSWindows 8 等操作系统直接支持 JavaScript 编写应用程序。Mozilla 的 Open Web Apps 项目、Google 的 Chrome App 项目GitHub 的 Electron 项目、以及 TideSDK 项目,都可以用来编写运行于 WindowsMac OS 和 Android 等多个桌面平台的程序,不依赖浏览器。

著名程序员 Jeff Atwood 甚至提出了一条 “Atwood 定律”

“所有可以用 JavaScript 编写的程序,最终都会出现 JavaScript 的版本。”(Any application that can be written in JavaScript will eventually be written in JavaScript.)

对初学者更加的友好:

1、可以随时随地的使用浏览器进行开发练习。

2、简单化的语法。即使复杂的语法你没有掌握,也可以通过简单的语法实现。

3、与C/C++Java的相似性。如果你学过这两门语言,那么再来学习JavaScript可以说将会很简单。

日益强大的性能:

1、灵活的语法。

JavaScript 既支持类似C语言清晰的过程式编程,也支持灵活的函数式编程,可以用来写并发处理(concurrent)。这些语法特性已经被证明非常强大,可以用于许多场合,尤其适用异步编程

JavaScript 的所有值都是对象,这为程序员提供了灵活性和便利性。因为你可以很方便地、按照需要随时创造数据结构,不用进行麻烦的预定义。

JavaScript 的标准还在快速进化中,并不断合理化,添加更适用的语法特性。

2、支持编译运行

JavaScript 语言本身,虽然是一种解释型语言,但是在现代浏览器中,JavaScript 都是编译后运行。程序会被高度优化,运行效率接近二进制程序。而且,JavaScript 引擎正在快速发展,性能将越来越好。

此外,还有一种 WebAssembly格式,它是 JavaScript 引擎的中间码格式,全部都是二进制代码。由于跳过了编译步骤,可以达到接近原生二进制代码的运行速度。各种语言(主要是 C 和 C++)通过编译成 WebAssembly,就可以在浏览器里面运行。

3、事件驱动和非阻塞设计

JavaScript 程序可以采用事件驱动(event-driven)和非阻塞式(non-blocking)设计,在服务器端适合高并发环境,普通的硬件就可以承受很大的访问量。

JavaScript和H5

JavaScript这门语言,本身是一门用来在浏览器当中做交互效果的脚本语言。虽然现在跟当年的环境发生了极大的变化,但是这项功能仍然还保留在JavaScript的身体里。

H5如果从狭义的角度讲,可以解释为html的第五代产品html主要负责页面的结构,而JavaScript则需要和html相互配合,负责页面的交互效果。

如果从广义的角度来说,可以解释为新一代的富客户端解决方案,而对于这种开发需求,JavaScript更是一个好的伙伴。

同时,如果单纯的从语言本身来看,大家所说的H5开发,大概可以约等于Html+Css+JavaScript

如果从技术层面看,到了H5的年代,提供给了JavaScript更多的API,让开发变得更加灵活。

 

 

 

js(行为):

我们常说,HTML负责页面的结构,CSS则是页面的样式,而js是页面上的行为,负责与用户的交互。

ES:浏览器遵循的标准;

BOM:浏览器对象模型;

DOM:文档对象模型。

在js中,常用的打印语句有:

1、alert();打印到弹出框;

2、document.write();打印到页面;

3、console.log();打印到控制台;

 

js中的数据类型:

字符型:string(s);

数值型:number(n);

布尔型:Boolean(b);

未赋值:undefined;

对象:object(o);

数组:array(a);

函数:function(fn);

......

数组与函数的本质也是对象。

可以通过typeof判断数据类型,数组与函数的数据类型是object。

 

变量的命名规则:

1、只能以字母、_、$开头;

2、语义化,以数据类型开头,使用小驼峰命名方式;

3、不用关键字和保留字命名。

小驼峰命名方式:第一个单词小写,后面的单词首字母全部大写。

 

运算符:

算数运算符:+、-、*、/、%;

关系运算符:>、<、>=、<=、==、===、!=;

逻辑运算符:||、&&、!;

赋值运算符:=、+=、-=、*=、/=、%=;

自增自减运算符:++,--;

 

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/h-kj9527/p/11462968.html