Three key technologies and products Status Mobile Robot

Problems in the field of robotics to be studied very much, will involve multiple disciplines computers, sensors, human-computer interaction, such as anti-health study, in which context-aware, self-positioning and motion control are the three key issues of robotics, will focus on the following this is discussed in detail three-point.

Context-Aware

Currently, the robot indoor environments, laser-based radar and other sensors with mobile robot autonomous context-aware technology is relatively mature, and in outdoor applications, due to variability and changes in the environment such as lighting, context-aware task relatively more complex, higher real-time requirements, so that multi-sensor fusion technology has become a major task facing the robot environment perception.

Using a single sensor environment has its most difficult to overcome perceived weaknesses, but the effective integration of multi-sensor, by redundant information from different sensors, complementary, covering almost all the space robot can detect, comprehensive approach to improve awareness of the robot Therefore the use of laser radar sensor, combined with ultrasound, the depth camera, and other anti-drop sensor distance information, to achieve the robot's perception of the surrounding environment has become a hot research scholars of various countries.

The key technology of context-aware mobile robot

Using context-aware multi-sensor configuration synchronization techniques may cause problems, matching and communication information from multiple sources, and technical solutions need to study cross-modality multi-sensor information registration and cross-scale integration. However, in practice, the type of sensor used is not better. For specific applications in different environments robots need to consider the validity of each sensor data, real-time computing.

Autonomous positioning

To achieve autonomous mobile robot walk, positioning is one of its core technology to master the current GPS has been able to provide higher accuracy on the global positioning, but GPS has some limitations, there will be a weak GPS signals in indoor environments, etc. easily result in a loss position.

近年来,SLAM技术发展迅速,提高了移动机器人的定位及地图创建能力,SLAM 是同步定位与地图构建 (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) 的缩写,最早是由 Hugh Durrant-Whyte 和 John J.Leonard 在1988年提出的。SLAM与其说是一个算法不如说它是一个概念更为贴切,它被定义为解决“机器人从未知环境的未知地点出发,在运动过程中通过重复观测到的地图特征(比如,墙角,柱子等)定位自身位置和姿态,再根据自身位置增量式的构建地图,从而达到同时定位和地图构建的目”的问题方法的统称。

Autonomous mobile robot localization of key technologies

路径规划

路径规划技术也是机器人研究领域的一个重要分支。最优路径规划就是依据某个或某些优化准则(如工作代价最小、行走路线最短、行走时间最短等),在机器人工作空间中找到一条从起始状态到目标状态、可以避开障碍物的最优路径。

根据对环境信息的掌握程度不同,机器人路径规划可分为全局路径规划和局部路径规划。

The key technology of mobile robot path planning

全局路径规划是在已知的环境中,给机器人规划一条路径,路径规划的精度取决于环境获取的准确度,全局路径规划可以找到最优解,但是需要预先知道环境的准确信息,当环境发生变化,如出现未知障碍物时,该方法就无能为力了。它是一种事前规划,因此对机器人系统的实时计算能力要求不高,虽然规划结果是全局的、较优的,但是对环境模型的错误及噪声鲁棒性差。

而局部路径规划则环境信息完全未知或有部分可知,侧重于考虑机器人当前的局部环境信息,让机器人具有良好的避障能力,通过传感器对机器人的工作环境进行探测,以获取障碍物的位置和几何性质等信息,这种规划需要搜集环境数据,并且对该环境模型的动态更新能够随时进行校正,局部规划方法将对环境的建模与搜索融为一体,要求机器人系统具有高速的信息处理能力和计算能力,对环境误差和噪声有较高的鲁棒性,能对规划结果进行实时反馈和校正,但是由于缺乏全局环境信息,所以规划结果有可能不是最优的,甚至可能找不到正确路径或完整路径。

全局路径规划和局部路径规划并没有本质上的区别,很多适用于全局路径规划的方法经过改进也可以用于局部路径规划,而适用于局部路径规划的方法同样经过改进后也可适用于全局路径规划。两者协同工作,机器人可更好的规划从起始点到终点的行走路径。郑州不孕不育医院:http://jbk.39.net/yiyuanzaixian/zztjyy/

感知、定位、路径规划技术现状如何?

为解决机器人自主行走难题,国内针对环境感知、自主定位及路径规划等技术进行研究的企业不在少数,国内思岚科技作为机器人定位导航技术之首,在实现机器人自主行走中已有较为成熟的产品,例如可帮助企业降低研发成本的Apollo,Apollo机器人底盘搭载了 激光测距传感器 、超声波传感器、防跌落等传感器。并在底盘之上配置深度摄像头传感器。同时配合自主研发的SLAMWARE自主导航定位系统,让机器人实现自主建图定位及导航功能。

当 Apollo 处于未知环境中,无需对环境进行修改,利用SharpEdgeTM精细化构图技术,构建高精度、厘米级别地图,具备超高分辨率,不存在误差累加。同时利用D*动态即时路径规划算法寻找路径并移动到指定地点,无需二次优化修饰,可直接满足人们的使用预期。

apollo

除此之外,基于纯软件方式,无需额外进行辅助铺设,可对Apollo进行预定路线设置,或通过设置虚拟墙及虚拟轨道阻止Apollo进入某个工作禁区。

在工作过程中当Apollo出现电量过低的情况时,可支持可外部调度的预约式充电自主导航定位,自动返回充电坞充电。

另外,Apollo的扩展接口还集成了网口,供电接口和各种控制接口,以便用户快速进行开发扩展。Apollo可通过有线网络或WIFI与外部通信,其本身自带的电池可为自身与外接的扩展模块供电,用户可通过各种控制接口对整个Apollo及其上层扩展模块进行控制。

In short, in recent years, governments have attached great importance to the development of robot technology, and put a lot of resources to stimulate the robot business innovation, pioneering spirit, believe in the future, robots will become an everyday an important one, to lead the people to a more convenient the era!


Guess you like

Origin blog.51cto.com/14510351/2432039