The mplot3d Toolkit

Brief introduction

As, pyplot module is used to draw the two-dimensional map, matplotlib mplot3d module using three-dimensional graphics rendering, is present in the module mplot3d

mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axis3d
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.proj3d

Four categories, including the most commonly used is mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d

Before doing what you need to understand three-dimensional view of that? D is based on a two-dimensional plane, the addition of a direction vector. Can be understood: the two-dimensional plane with x, y represent two vectors, the three-dimensional space with x, y, Z represents three vectors. Look at two simple test cases, create two-dimensional images and three-dimensional images with matplotlib respectively:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x=np.array([1,2])
y=np.array([1,2])

plt.plot (x, y) # where incoming values ​​x, y of

plt.show()

>>

 

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

x=np.array([1,2])
y=np.array([1,2])
z=np.array([1,2])
ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')  #这里传入x, y, z的值
ax.legend()

plt.show()

>>

In the second instance on the basis of a first instance, the addition of a vector z = np.array ([1,2]), to achieve three-dimensional effect. My understanding is that when z = np.array ([0,0]) when it is a two-dimensional plane, but we used a three-dimensional "drawing board" ax

The following is a translation from the official reference documentation matplotlib over content

The official document: https: //matplotlib.org/tutorials/toolkits/mplot3d.html

Getting Started

Creating a Axes3D objects created with other axes similar method, using using the projection = '3d' keyword to create a matplotlib.figure.Figure object and assigned to a new Axes3D types of axes

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

 

In the new version 1.0.0, which is the preferred method to create a type of axes of Axes3D

Line plots

Axes3D.plot (self, xs, ys, * args, zdir = 'z', ** kwargs) may draw two or three dimensional data

parameter:

xs: one-dimensional array, an x-coordinate of the vertex
ys: one-dimensional array, y coordinates of vertices
zs: scalar or one-dimensional array. Z vertex coordinates, either One for All Points or One for each Point.
Zdir: { 'X', 'Y', 'z'} when drawing a two-dimensional image, using z ( 'x', 'y ' or 'z')

# This import registers the 3D projection, but is otherwise unused.
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D  # noqa: F401 unused import

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


plt.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

# Prepare arrays x, y, z
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)
z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
r = z**2 + 1
x = r * np.sin(theta)
y = r * np.cos(theta)

ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')
ax.legend()

plt.show()

　>>