I. Introduction
● random write head can lead to constantly change lanes, causing great reduction in efficiency; sequential write head almost do not change lanes or lane-changing time is short
● this article to discuss the specific difference between the two and the corresponding kernel calls
Second, prepare the environment
| Package | version |
|---|---|
| THE | Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS |
| fio | 2.2.10 |
Three, fio introduction
Testing by fio, be reflected in the state in reading and writing, we need to focus on several key indicators in the output report fio:
SLAT: refers to the length of time from submission of I / O to the actual execution of I / O (Submission Latency)
CLAT : is submitted from the I / O to I / duration (completion latency) O completion
LAT: means to create I / O to the total duration of the I / O completion from FIO
BW: throughput
iops: I / O per second of frequency
Fourth, the synchronous write test
(1) Synchronous Random Write
Fio mainly used as a testing tool, in order to be able to see the system calls, use the strace tool, the command looks like this:
First to test a random write
strace -f -tt -o /tmp/randwrite.log -D fio -name=randwrite -rw=randwrite \
-direct=1 -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -group_reporting -filename=/tmp/test.db
Extract key information
root@wilson-ubuntu:~# strace -f -tt -o /tmp/randwrite.log -D fio -name=randwrite -rw=randwrite \
> -direct=1 -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -group_reporting -filename=/tmp/test.db
randwrite: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=4K-4K/4K-4K/4K-4K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1
fio-2.2.10
Starting 1 process
...
randwrite: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=26882: Wed Aug 14 10:39:02 2019
write: io=1024.0MB, bw=52526KB/s, iops=13131, runt= 19963msec
clat (usec): min=42, max=18620, avg=56.15, stdev=164.79
lat (usec): min=42, max=18620, avg=56.39, stdev=164.79
...
bw (KB /s): min=50648, max=55208, per=99.96%, avg=52506.03, stdev=1055.83
...
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=52525KB/s, minb=52525KB/s, maxb=52525KB/s, mint=19963msec, maxt=19963msec
Disk stats (read/write):
...
sda: ios=0/262177, merge=0/25, ticks=0/7500, in_queue=7476, util=36.05%Lists the information that we need to focus on:
(1) CLAT, the average length of about 56 ms
(2) LAT, average duration of about 56 ms
(3) BW, throughput, probably about 52M
Look at the core information call:
root@wilson-ubuntu:~# more /tmp/randwrite.log
...
26882 10:38:41.919904 lseek(3, 665198592, SEEK_SET) = 665198592
26882 10:38:41.919920 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\200\36\31\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.919969 lseek(3, 4313088, SEEK_SET) = 4313088
26882 10:38:41.919985 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\200\36\31\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920032 lseek(3, 455880704, SEEK_SET) = 455880704
26882 10:38:41.920048 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\200\36\31\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920096 lseek(3, 338862080, SEEK_SET) = 338862080
26882 10:38:41.920112 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920161 lseek(3, 739086336, SEEK_SET) = 739086336
26882 10:38:41.920177 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920229 lseek(3, 848175104, SEEK_SET) = 848175104
26882 10:38:41.920245 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920296 lseek(3, 1060147200, SEEK_SET) = 1060147200
26882 10:38:41.920312 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920362 lseek(3, 863690752, SEEK_SET) = 863690752
26882 10:38:41.920377 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920428 lseek(3, 279457792, SEEK_SET) = 279457792
26882 10:38:41.920444 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920492 lseek(3, 271794176, SEEK_SET) = 271794176
26882 10:38:41.920508 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
26882 10:38:41.920558 lseek(3, 1067864064, SEEK_SET) = 1067864064
26882 10:38:41.920573 write(3, "\220\240@\6\371\341\277>\0\2402\24\0\0\0\0\202\2\7\320\343\6H\26P\340\277\370\330\30e\30"..., 4096) = 4096
...Go through the lseek to locate the current file offset random read before every write
Synchronous sequential write
Just to test the method of sequential write
root@wilson-ubuntu:~# strace -f -tt -o /tmp/write.log -D fio -name=write -rw=write \
-direct=1 -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -group_reporting -filename=/tmp/test.db
write: (g=0): rw=write, bs=4K-4K/4K-4K/4K-4K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1
fio-2.2.10
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)] [100.0% done] [0KB/70432KB/0KB /s] [0/17.7K/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s]
write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=27005: Wed Aug 14 10:53:02 2019
write: io=1024.0MB, bw=70238KB/s, iops=17559, runt= 14929msec
clat (usec): min=43, max=7464, avg=55.95, stdev=56.24
lat (usec): min=43, max=7465, avg=56.15, stdev=56.25
...
bw (KB /s): min=67304, max=72008, per=99.98%, avg=70225.38, stdev=1266.88
...
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=70237KB/s, minb=70237KB/s, maxb=70237KB/s, mint=14929msec, maxt=14929msec
Disk stats (read/write):
...
sda: ios=0/262162, merge=0/10, ticks=0/6948, in_queue=6932, util=46.49%Can be seen:
the throughput of up to about 70M
Then look at the kernel call:
root@wilson-ubuntu:~# more /tmp/write.log
...
27046 10:54:28.194508 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\360\t\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194568 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194627 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194687 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194747 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194807 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194868 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194928 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.194988 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195049 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195110 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195197 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195262 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195330 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195426 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195497 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195567 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195637 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195704 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195757 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195807 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195859 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195910 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.195961 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196012 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196062 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0\220\24\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196112 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196162 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196213 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196265 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196314 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196363 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196414 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196472 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196524 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
27046 10:54:28.196573 write(3, "\0\0\23\0\0\0\0\0\0\300\16\0\0\0\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0\320\17\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
...Since reading order, no need to repeat the positioning file offset, it is possible to focus on a write operation
Five, slat indicators
From the above test, we test report fio's, and found no slat figure, it is above all due to the synchronous operation, synchronous I / O, because the I / O submission and I / O is a complete action Therefore slat actually I / O completion time
Asynchronous sequential write, add synchronous sequential write commands -ioengine=libaio:
root@wilson-ubuntu:~# fio -name=write -rw=write -ioengine=libaio -direct=1 -bs=4k -size=1G -numjobs=1 -group_reporting -filename=/tmp/test.db
write: (g=0): rw=write, bs=4K-4K/4K-4K/4K-4K, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-2.2.10
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)] [100.0% done] [0KB/119.3MB/0KB /s] [0/30.6K/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s]
write: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=27258: Wed Aug 14 11:14:36 2019
write: io=1024.0MB, bw=120443KB/s, iops=30110, runt= 8706msec
slat (usec): min=3, max=70, avg= 4.31, stdev= 1.56
clat (usec): min=0, max=8967, avg=28.13, stdev=55.68
lat (usec): min=22, max=8976, avg=32.53, stdev=55.72
...
bw (KB /s): min=118480, max=122880, per=100.00%, avg=120467.29, stdev=1525.68
...
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
WRITE: io=1024.0MB, aggrb=120442KB/s, minb=120442KB/s, maxb=120442KB/s, mint=8706msec, maxt=8706msec
Disk stats (read/write):
...
sda: ios=0/262147, merge=0/1, ticks=0/6576, in_queue=6568, util=74.32%Can be seen, SLAT indicators appear, lat slat + clat approximately equal to the sum of (avg average); and thereafter into asynchronous IO, throughput is greatly improved, about 120M
VI Summary
● fio should serve as a baseline tool disk, get the machine (physical machine or a cloud machine) should be the first time on the machine's disk to do a baseline test, be aware
● All of the tests described herein, are bypassing the cache, in practice, the impact of the cache needs to be taken into account
At this point, it ended
the next Caishuxueqian, there is sprinkle soup leaking, please let me know ...