Foreword
Everyone in the process interface testing, many will be used when the read operation of CSV, the paper mainly described Python3 write and read CSV. The following did not talk much to say, to take a look at the detailed introduction.
1, demand
An API, GET method, token, mobile, email three parameters
- token is required.
- mobile, email in which a required
- mobile phone number, email to email format
2, program
For the above API, when do interface testing, test frequently will need up to 10+, this time using a data-driven way to write the contents of the common configuration file may be more appropriate.
Here consider the API, parameters, and the expected results of the pre-stored in a CSV formatted row, reads the URL, parameters, and expected results, Requests assembly initiation request from a CSV csv assembly in use, the response result with the expected result for comparison, Finally, the results of the comparison results are written to CSV.
FIG flow is as follows
3, to achieve
1, the code before the first installing several components as follows:
- csv write CSV file
- json
- requests initiated request to obtain a response result
- unittest test case scheduled
2, data.csv (select some use cases of the present example)
3, reader_CSV function code sample
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import
csv
import
json
import
requests
import
time
import
unittest
def
readCSV(
self
,filename):
'''
:param filename: 需要读取的数据文件
:return: [{data1},{data2}...]
'''
datas
=
[]
try
:
#以DictReader的方式读取数据文件，方便与json互做转换
with
open
(filename,
'r'
) as csvfile :
#从文件里读取到的数据转换成字典列表的格式
reader
=
csv.DictReader(csvfile)
for
row
in
reader:
data
=
{}
data[
'id'
]
=
row[
'id'
]
data[
'url'
]
=
row[
'url'
]
data[
'token'
]
=
str
(row[
'token'
])
data[
'mobile'
]
=
row[
'mobile'
]
data[
'email'
]
=
row[
'email'
]
data[
'expect'
]
=
json.dumps(row[
'expect'
]) \
if
isinstance
(row[
'expect'
],
dict
) \
else
row[
'expect'
]
#如果expect读取出来的不是json则取其原值，否则转为json格式保存到result里
datas.append(data)
return
datas
#如果文件找不到，返回空的datas
except
FileNotFoundError:
print
(
"文件不存在"
,filename)
return
datas
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4、request_URL函数示例(包含GET请求和POST请求2个方法)
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def
get_request(
self
,url,params):
'''
通用的调用GET接口方法
:param url:string 接口路径
:param params:{"":"","":""} 需要传入的参数
:return: response响应体
'''
print
(
"调用API..."
)
r
=
requests.get(url,params
=
params)
print
(r.text)
return
r
def
post_request(
self
,url,params):
'''
通用的调用POST接口方法
:param url: string 接口路径
:param params: {"":"","":""} 需要传入的参数
:return:response响应体
'''
print
(
"调用API..."
)
r
=
requests.post(url,params
=
json.dumps(params))
#post的方法必须用json.dumps()转化成json格式
print
(r.text)
return
r
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5、assert_Result函数示例
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def
assertResult(
self
,except_value,real_value):
'''
校验样本字符串中是否包含指定字符串
:param except_value: string 指定字符串
:param real_value: string 样本字符串
:return: Boolean 样本中包含指定字符串返回True,否则返回False
'''
ifsuccess
=
except_value
in
str
(real_value)
return
ifsuccess
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6、write_CSV函数示例
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def
writeCSV(
self
,filename,results):
'''
写入csv文件指定内容
:param filename: string 需要写入的文件名称
:param results: [{data1},{data2},...] 写入的内容
:return: 无
'''
print
(
"写文件:"
,filename)
#以DictWriter的方式写文件
with
open
(filename,
'w+'
) as csvfile:
headers
=
"id,url,token,mobile,email,expect,real_value,assert_value"
.split(
","
)
writer
=
csv.DictWriter(csvfile,fieldnames
=
headers)
#写表头
writer.writeheader()
#写数据
if
results.__len__() >
0
:
for
result
in
results:
writer.writerow(result)
csvfile.close()
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7、test_interface1函数示例
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def
test_interface1(
self
):
#指定读取的数据文件名称
data_file
=
"../data/data.csv"
#指定最终结果生成的数据文件名称
result_file
=
"../data/result_{}.csv"
.
format
(
str
(time.time()).split(
"."
)[
0
])
#读取指定文件的数据
datas
=
self
.readCSV(data_file)
#数据文件有内容则调用接口，否则直接测试结束
if
datas.__len__() >
0
:
results
=
[]
#获取数据文件里的每一行
for
testcase
in
datas :
result
=
{}
result[
"id"
]
=
testcase[
"id"
]
result[
"url"
]
=
testcase[
"url"
]
result[
"token"
]
=
testcase[
"token"
]
result[
"mobile"
]
=
testcase[
"mobile"
]
result[
"email"
]
=
testcase[
"email"
]
result[
"expect"
]
=
testcase[
"expect"
]
#组装参数
params
=
{
"token"
:result[
"token"
],
"mobile"
:result[
"mobile"
],
"email"
:result[
"email"
]
}
#调用API接口，获取响应结果
real_value
=
self
.get_request(result[
"url"
],params)
#调用assert方法，检查预期结果是否在响应结果中存在
assert_value
=
self
.assertResult(result[
"expect"
],real_value.text)
result[
"real_value"
]
=
real_value.text
result[
"assert_value"
]
=
assert_value
#获取每一行里的所有字段以及实际结果和验证结果
results.append(result)
#执行完所有记录后，将所有结果写入result.csv
self
.writeCSV(result_file,results)
#写入csv文件
print
(
"测试结束"
)
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8、result_1523956055.csv(本示例中的测试结果请忽略）
总结
python封装了很多方法，对于测试来说开发速度相对较快，接口自动化测试如果采用CSV管理的数据驱动方式，使用csv+requests是测试开发不容错过的利器之一。
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