python increasingly popular as a programming language, not only because of its simple language, there are many ready-made packages can be called directly.
python there are a lot of gadgets to make your python to work more efficiently.
1, - quickly share -
HTTP server
SimpleHTTPServer python is built-in web server, using port 8000 and HTTP protocol to share.
Can quickly build a HTTP server and shared services on any platform (Window, Linux, MacOS), only you need to build a good python environment.
python2 version:
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
python3 version:
python -m http.server
FTP server
ftp sharing requires third-party components support, installation command:
the install pyftpdlib PIP
Python port number P -m-pyftpdlib
Access method: ftp: // IP: port.
2, - decompress -
Here are five kinds of use python-extracting compressed file: .gz .tar .zip .rar
zip
import zipfile
# zipfile压缩
z = zipfile.ZipFile('x.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_STORED) #打包，zipfile.ZIP_STORED是默认参数
# z = zipfile.ZipFile('ss.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) #压缩
z.write('x2')
z.write('x1')
z.close()
#zipfile解压
z = zipfile.ZipFile('x.zip', 'r')
z.extractall(path=r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop")
z.close()
tar
import tarfile
# 压缩
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar', 'w')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/bbs2.log', arcname='bbs2.log')
tar.add('/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/cmdb.log', arcname='cmdb.log')
tar.close()
# 解压
tar = tarfile.open('your.tar', 'r')
tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址
tar.close()
gz
gz generally only compress a file, all often work with other packaging tools. For example can be the first packaged with tar as X.tar, and then compressed into X.tar.gz
Unzip gz, in fact, is a single file which is read out, Python methods such as the following:
gzip Import
Import os
DEF un_gz (file_name):
"" "ungz ZIP File" ""
f_name file_name.replace = (. "GZ", "")
# get the name of the file, remove
g_file = gzip.GzipFile (file_name)
# create gzip objects
open (f_name, "w +"). the write (g_file.read ())
#gzip object with the read () opens, write open files created in ().
g_file.close ()
# close gzip objects
rar
Since rar generally used for the next window, need additional Python package rarfile.
installation:
Python setup.py install
unzip:
import rarfile
import os
def un_rar(file_name):
"""unrar zip file"""
rar = rarfile.RarFile(file_name)
if os.path.isdir(file_name + "_files"):
pass
else:
os.mkdir(file_name + "_files")
os.chdir(file_name + "_files"):
rar.extractall()
rar.close()
3, - pip common operations -
pip is famous Python package management tool, essential in Python development.
installation
Online installation
pip install <包名> 或 pip install -r requirements.txt
Local installation:
pip install <directory> / <filename> or pip install --use-wheel --no-index --find-links = wheelhouse / <package name>
Find package
pip search <package name>
Delete Package
pip uninstall <包名> 或 pip uninstall -r requirements.txt
View package information
pip show <package name>
Check the package dependencies are complete
pip check <package name>
View the list of installed packages
pip list
Export all installed packages
pip freeze requirements.txt
4 - Conversion Json string -
json turn str
import json
str = '{"name": "zyl", "age": "two"}'
p = json.loads(str)
print(p)
print(type(p))
json turn str
Use json.dumps method, json object can be converted to a string.
s = {'name':'zyl','age':'22'}
s = json.dumps(s)
5, - python read excel -
step
· Install python library official Excel -> xlrd
· Excel file location and get read
· Read sheet
· Read the contents of the specified rows and cols
Examples
# - * - Coding: UTF-. 8 - * -
Import to xlrd
from Import DATE datetime, datetime
DEF read_excel ():
# File Location
ExcelFile = xlrd.open_workbook (r'C: \ Users \ Administrator \ Desktop \ TestData.xlsx ')
# obtain the target sheet EXCEL file name
Print ExcelFile.sheet_names ()
# if a plurality of sheet, it is necessary to specify the read target sheet e.g. read Sheet2
# sheet2_name = ExcelFile.sheet_names () [. 1]
# [Get sheet 1. the contents of the index sheet on the sheet name]
# ExcelFile.sheet_by_index sheet = (. 1)
sheet ExcelFile.sheet_by_name = ( 'TestCase002')
# name of the print sheet, the number of rows, columns
print sheet.name, sheet.nrows, sheet.ncols
# Get the entire row or entire column values
rows = sheet.row_values (2) # third line
cols = sheet.col_values (1) # the second column contents
Print cols, rows
# obtaining cell contents
print sheet.cell(1,0).value.encode('utf-8')
print sheet.cell_value(1,0).encode('utf-8')
print sheet.row(1)[0].value.encode('utf-8')
#打印单元格内容格式
print sheet.cell(1,0).ctype
if__name__ =='__main__':
read_excel()
6, - python Screenshot -
python achieve screenshot function, windows environment, need to use the PIL library.
installation:
pip install Pillow
Example:
from the PIL Import ImageGrab
BBOX = (X1, Y1, X2, Y2)
# X1: Start screenshot of the x coordinate; x2: Start screenshot y coordinate; x3: End screenshot of the x coordinate; x4: End screenshot y coordinate
im = ImageGrab .grab (BBOX)
im.save ( 'as.png') # save the screenshot file path
7、- ipython -
Finally, it shows a powerful tool for python --IPython.
IPython support variable auto-completion, auto-indent, support bash shell commands, it built many useful features and functions;
It is a Python for Humans is an interactive shell, after using it you do not want to use the built-in Python shell.