1, hard disk and partition
1.1 Linux in how to represent the hard disk and partition
Hard disk is divided into a primary partition, extended and logical partitions of three parts.
Only four primary partitions;
Extended partition can be viewed as a special type of primary partition in the extended partition can also create a corresponding logical partition.
Primary partition is generally used to install the operating system. Extended partition to store data.
There is an important Linux and Unix system features: everything is a file. All his resources are attributed to a file, including commands, hardware and software equipment, operating systems, processes, and so on. He can be seen as a file has its own characteristics or type.
1.2 Linux How to hard drive
Linux system hard disk and partition represent different files.
Hard disk interface is divided into IDE and SCSI both for IDE , with " hdX " in the form of a file name indicates, for SCSI , with " sdX " in the form of a file name indicates.
We look at the difference between the two is an HD , one SD , the latter X is A , B , C , D , etc. Reference letters
a represents a, B represents the second.
Linux system when reading and hard disk drive and other resources, are carried out by "device file" form. That we should pay attention.
1.3 Linux how to represent partition
When referring to the partition, a hard disk device file name as a basis to add the partition (whether primary partition, extended partition, logical partition) behind the corresponding digital number.
That is the hard disk file name + partition digit serial number.
Example:
important point:
(1) Since the Linux system, the number of primary partitions in the hard disk, only four, so that the primary and extended partitions will limit the number of 1 ~ 4 between.
(2) the logical partition number from 5 starts. SCSI basic number of partitions of hard disk at most 15 Ge, IDE hard drives up to a 63 Ge.
For example, even if the first IDE hard drive only one primary partition and division, an extended partition, the first logical partition of the new serial number is still from 5 starts.
2, the file system
2.1 Linux in how to represent the partition
What is a file system ? File system type determines the deposit with the partition, the way to read data files and efficiency. You need to select the type of file system used when formatting a partition.
Windows system file types are FAT32 , NTFS format.
Linux file systems with these
（1）EXT3
From EXT2 developed from the file system, the file system to increase logging, also known as log-type file system is linux defaults file system. Because the log function, so when the system loses power or other unusual events shutdown, reboot will return to the normal state according to the log.
(2) EXT4
The latest generation of file system
（3）SWAP
It is a special partition for exchanging data between the memory and hard drive, similar to the windows concept of virtual memory. So that the program can operate is larger than the actual physical memory space.
It recommended setting physical memory 2 about times.
3, the directory structure
Windows system is c disk root directory, d disk root directory.
In the Linux system, he will be all the directories and files of data organized into a "tree" directory structure.
All partitions catalog files have the same location a starting point, which is the "root directory."
The figure above, locating the file or directory location, use / No split, just with the windows system \ opposite.
The entire directory tree, using a separate / number indicates the root directory. The root directory is linux starting point for the file system, which it is in the partition called root partition.
In the root directory, Linux system will default to establish some special subdirectory, such as root bin and so on.
Description:
(. 1) boot directory includes kernel files, boot menu configuration files, in a security system for boot directory is typically divided into independent partitions, called boot partition.
(2) Bin directory ordinary users are authorized to perform.
4, installation
Select Red Hat
