Network operation and maintenance base ---- face questions

1. Please describe the classification and scope of IPv4 addresses?
   Answer:
   Ø A Class 1--127 network master + + + primary master
   Ø Class B 128 -191 Mesh Mesh + primary master
   Ø class C 192 -223 Mesh Mesh network master +
   Ø Class D 224 - 239 Multicast ( multicast)
   Ø E class 240--254 Research
2. The production of twisted pair, T568b, T568a line order are what is?
   Answer:
   T568B line sequence: white orange, orange, green, white, blue, white, blue, green, white brown, brown
   T568a line sequence: white and green, green, orange and white, blue, white, blue, orange, white brown brown
3. On Huawei switches, routers, how to configure the IP address of the interface?
   Answer:
   the VLAN1 manage IP switch may be configured, each router interface can be configured IP address, the basic idea is as follows:
   <the Huawei> // System View-view into the system
   [ar1] interface g0 / 0/ 1 // into the interface g0 / 0/1
   [ar1-GigabitEthernet0 / 0/1 ] ip address 192.168.1.254 24 // IP address with 1
   [AR1-the GigabitEthernet0 / 0/1] // Use the undo activate the shutdown Interface
4. Huawei equipment, for example, how to implement remote management of routers, switches?
   Answer:
   Basic configuration:
   1) to confirm the IP address (router interface, switches the VLAN1)
   2) enable AAA Authentication (open AAA mode, adding user accounts, allowing telnet control) on the device
   3) from the client telnet IP device after the executive management address, login
5. What is meant by the cloud server, what is the difference with ordinary servers, what are the advantages?
   The answer:
   a cloud server refers to individuals or corporate clients to provide virtual server via the Internet, in the cloud Huawei, Ali cloud and other service providers often referred to as ECS (Elastic Compute Service, elastic computing service).
   Compared with ordinary servers, in terms of remote management, operating system management, network management applications such as point of view, basically the same with ordinary server. Cloud server also has the following characteristics and advantages:
   Ø customers do not need physical hardware, saving hardware maintenance costs (host, network equipment, cabinets, room, etc.)
   Ø Customers can demand server option, demand change / upgrade configuration, on-demand pay
    change / upgrade / system server configuration recovery convenient, fast and can handle a few minutes
6. Set up Web servers on a single server CentOS7, the basic idea of the process or what?
   Answer:
   The basic process to build Web server:
   1) install software packages, such as httpd (or nginx, tomcat, etc.)
   2) Configure site resources (deploy Web pages)
   3) open the service program, such as httpd (or nginx, tomcat, etc.)
   other relevant operation:
   1) If it is a website on the Internet, it is best to apply a simple and easy to remember domain name, more user-friendly access, conducive to the promotion.
   2) Domestic website needs in a timely manner for the record.
7. I did not understand the virtual machine, the virtual machine to run architecture, which has several?
   Answer:
   alien architecture, native architecture.
8. Briefly about alien virtual machine architecture What are the characteristics?
   The answer:
   Ø as application software installed on the operating system, you can install multiple operating systems on this application.
    such as VMware Workstation.
9. Briefly about native virtual machine architecture What are the characteristics?
   Answer:
   virtual machine software installed directly on the computer hardware.
   The virtual machine itself is an operating system.
10. How to Open Services Manager in Windows system?
    Answer:
    Run services.msc.
11. I want to end a process on how to open the Task Manager by using commands computer use.
    Answer:
    Run taskmgr.
12. IP addresses are reserved for private enterprise LAN use, including what?
    Answer:
    Ø Class A ~ 10.255.255.254 10.0.0.1
    Ø ~ 172.16.0.1 172.31.255.254 Class B
    Ø class C 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254
13. Can I configure the IP address on the switch, configure the switch IP address is what effect?
    Answer:
    Yes, the role of IP switch configuration for the convenience of remote management.
14. Huawei switches on how to configure the management IP address?
    Answer:
    [the Huawei] VLANIF interface. 1
    [the Huawei-Vlanif1] IP address 192.168.1.100 24
    [the Huawei-Vlanif1] Use the undo the shutdown
15. Describe your understanding of the remote management protocol and port number?
    The answer:
    Ø the Telnet - TCP port 23 [routers, switches]
     SSH - TCP 22 port [Linux servers, firewalls]
     RDP - TCP3389 port [Windows Server]
16. *** and computer viruses What is the difference?
    Answer:
    The computer ***, deceptive nature, can lead to disclosure of sensitive information of victim computer, control and other hazards are ***.
    Computer viruses to destroy purposes, such as file deletion / trawl speed / system crash, etc., instead of steal information (and different ***).
17. Three service models of cloud computing refers to what?
    The answer:
    Ø SaaS, software as a service
     PaaS, platform as a service
     IaaS, Infrastructure as a Service
18. Cloud Server Selection Key Note what
    the answer:
    Ø billing (package monthly subscription, pay-on-demand)
    Ø specifications (CPU / memory / hard drive)
    Ø Mirror (Linux system)
    Ø login (password)
    Ø billing (Bandwidth, according to traffic)
19. How to implement remote management of Linux cloud servers, which remote management tools you used?
    Answer:
    Through SSH remote management of Linux servers, commonly used SSH client software Xshell, SecureCRT, Putty and so on.
20. According to the server device form factors distinguish common category What?
    Answer:
    rack-mounted servers, tower servers, blade servers, rack-mount server.
21. Room equipment specifications are often units of U, you know what that means?
    Answer:
    the U-refers to the thickness, 1Unit = 1.75 inch = 4.445 cm.
22. Brief you understand cloud computing service providers?
    The answer:
    Ø abroad: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM SCE +
    Ø China: Huawei cloud, Ali cloud, cloud Baidu, Tencent cloud
23. What are the main basis for routers when forwarding packets that?
    Answer: The
    routing table.
24. Type routing table records are there?
    The answer:
     direct routes
     non-direct routes (static or dynamic routing)
25. How to view the routing table on Huawei's router?
    The answer:
    Run the display ip routing-the Table
26. What is the role of the gateway, usually acts as a gateway what equipment?
    Answer:
    Gateway connected to another network refers to a network from a "gateway"; typically a router or firewall device.
27. How to view the local MAC address and DNS server addresses on Windows hosts?
    Answer:
    execute ipconfig / all command
28. For employees in the enterprise PC, configure the dynamic IP address What are the benefits?
    The answer:
    the task of reducing the amount administrator; avoid manual configuration input error probability; chance of avoiding conflict.
29. When Windows host fails to obtain an IP DHCP, what enabled by default an alternate configuration address range?
    Answer:
    169.254.0.1-169.255.255.254.
30. On Windows systems, how fast task switching window?
    Answer:
    shortcut keys Win + Tab, or Alt + TAB.