2019-07-30
The following example is the common parameters
ls
Show only files, directories and other names, do not display additional information.
[root@localhost opt]# ls
test1 test11 test13 test15 test2 test4 test6 test8
test10 test12 test14 test16 test3 test5 test7 test9
# ls displays the file directory, the file directory within a directory name, etc.
ls -a
View all files in the current directory (including hidden files)
All files in a directory # ls -a directory
[root@localhost var]# ls -a . adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp yp .. cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool .updated [root@localhost var]# ls -a /opt/test10/ . .. 1 12 jkl
ls -l
(Lowercase letter L parameters) to view detailed file information
For more information about all the files in the directory # ls -l directory, without the default directory is the current directory
[root@localhost opt]# ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 36 Jul 29 21:22 test10 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 29 21:06 test12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test9 [root@localhost opt]# ls -l test10 total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:21 1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:21 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 29 21:22 jkl
The first character of the file types:
d : directory file
L : link file
B : block device file
c : character device file
the p- : pipe file
-: represents a normal file
ls -S
By file size -> Small sorting
ls -rS
By file small -> large order
(-S -l with general parameters, namely -lS)
[root@localhost var]# ls -lS total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr -xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp [root @ localhost var ] # ls - LRS total 8 drwxr -XR-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23 : 11 run -> ../ run drwxr -XR-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 Preserve drwxr -XR-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib
ls -t
Near by time -> Sort far
Likewise -tr
Time away -> Near sorting
(Typically used with parameter -l)
[root@localhost var]# ls -lt total 8 drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp [root@localhost var]# ls -ltr total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp
ls -h
More than 1,000 byte file in K show general use -l
[root@localhost var]# ls -lh total 8.0K drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4.0K May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4.0K Jul 29 20:56 log lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp