Python 3 interface testing actual (lower) - unittest testing framework

This Section

unittest Profile
Written Cases
Organizational and operational use cases
Generate test reports

unitttest Profile

Reference: unittest official documents

Why use unittest?
When writing an interface automation use cases, we generally build a .py file for an interface, a test case package is a function (method), but in the process a batch execution, if one error, use cases can not be executed back. EXAMPLE performed using a test frame may not affect each other and more flexible control is performed

unittest Features

python carrying unit testing framework, without having to install
Example interfering with execution
Provide a range of different setUp (test preparation) and tearDown (test cleanup) method
It provides a wealth of assertions
EXAMPLES All modules may be performed in batch by discover
May be illustrated by the TestSuite (test set) flexible organization

unittest major part

TestCase: cases with object class to inherit the preparation of test cases so as to have properties and methods TestCase
TestSuite: test set or test suite, a set of test cases, cases for tissues, supports nested
TestLoader: Example loader used for adding to the use of the embodiment TestSuite
TextTestRunner: Use Case actuator (result output text), performed in units generally use case TestSuite
TestResult: Test Results

Written Cases

Test_ a new beginning (must) .py files, such astest_user_login.py
Import unittest
Write a Test at the beginning of class (must), and the inheritance unittest.TestCase, as a test class
Test_ beginning of a write (to be) a method in the class, as with cases

test_user_login.py The file must begin with # test_

import unittest  # 导入unittest
import requests

class TestUserLogin(unittest.TestCase): # 类必须Test开头，继承TestCase才能识别为用例类 url = 'http://115.28.108.130:5000/api/user/login/' def test_user_login_normal(self): # 一条测试用例，必须test_开头 data = {"name": "张三", "password": "123456"} res = requests.post(url=self.url, data=data) self.assertIn('登录成功', res.text) # 断言 def test_user_login_password_wrong(self): data = {"name": "张三", "password": "1234567"} res = requests.post(url=self.url, data=data) self.assertIn('登录失败', res.text) # 断言 if __name__ == '__main__': # 如果是直接从当前模块执行（非别的模块调用本模块） unittest.main(verbosity=2) # 运行本测试类所有用例,verbosity为结果显示级别

By writing order is not executed, but by a case name ascii code sequence to execute: a procedure example executed

Use Case assertion
unittest provides a wealth of assertion methods commonly used for the following:

For equality
- assertEqual (a, b) / assertNotEqual (a, b): assert values are equal
- assertIs (a, b) / assertIsNot (a, b): to say whether the same object (the same memory address)
- assertListEqual (list1, list2) / assertItemNotEqual (list1, list2): assert this list for equality
- assertDictEqual (dict1, dict2) / assertDictNotEqual (dict1, dict2): assert dictionary for equality
Is empty
- assertIsNone(a)/assertIsNotNone(a)
Judge true and false
- assertTrue(a)/assertFalse(a)
Contains
- assertIn (a, b) / assertNotIn (a, b) is contained in a # b
The size of the judgment
- assertGreater(a,b)/assertLess(a,b) : 断言a>b / 断言a<b
- assertGreaterEqual(a,b)/assertLessEqual: 断言a>=b / 断言a<=b
Type judgment
- assertIsInstance (a, dict) / assertNotIsInstance (a, list) # assertion is a dictionary / non-assertion a list

Example:

import unittest

case = unittest.TestCase()
case.assertEqual(1,2.0/2) # 通过1=2.0/2 case.assertEqual(1, True) # 通过 case.assertIs(1.0, 2.0/2) # 失败，不是同一对象 case.assertListEqual([1,2],[1,2]) # 通过（顺序要一致） case.assertDictEqual({"a":1,"b":2},{"b":2,"a":1}) # 通过，字典本无序 case.assertIsNone({}) # 失败 case.assertFalse({}) # 通过，空字典为False case.assertIn("h","hello") # 通过 case.assertGreater(3,2) # 通过，3>2 case.assertIsInstance({"a":1}, dict) # 通过

A method of unittest.TestCase is asserted, the assertion by determining whether through use cases (Pass / Fail)

Test Fixtures (Example wrapped with)
the Test Fixtures i.e. setUp (prepared by Example) and tearDown (cleanup Test) method for testing were performed before and after the test

Range divided according to different functions:

setUp () / tearDown (): before each use case / post-execution time
setUpClass () / tearDownClass (): When executed once for each test class loader / end
setUpMoudle () / tearDownMoudle (): each test module (py a file as a module) to load / execute once at the end of

import unittest

def setUpModule(): # 当前模块执行前只执行一次 print('=== setUpModule ===') def tearDownModule(): # 当前模块执行后只执行一次 print('=== tearDownModule ===') class TestClass1(unittest.TestCase):  @classmethod # 声明为类方法（必须） def setUpClass(cls): # 类方法，注意后面是cls，整个类只执行一次 print('--- setUpClass ---')  @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): print('--- tearDownClass ---') def setUp(self): # 该类中每个测试用例执行一次 print('... setUp ...') def tearDown(self): print('... tearDown ...') def test_a(self): # 测试用例 print("a") def test_B(self): # 大写B的ascii比小写a靠前，会比test_a先执行 print("B") class TestClass2(unittest.TestCase): # 该模块另一个测试类 def test_A(self): print("A") if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

Results of the:

=== setUpModule ===
--- setUpClass ---
... setUp ...
B
... tearDown ...
... setUp ...
a
... tearDown ...
--- tearDownClass ---
A
=== tearDownModule ===
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s OK

Complete interface test
a complete use cases require test interface comprising:

Data Preparation: Prepare the test data, may be prepared manually, you may also be used to prepare codes (generally relates to database operations)
Environmental tests: If the manual data preparation, checking the connection database environment using a more robust embodiment
Transmission request: a request transmission interface
Assertion Response / database asserted: after the assertion in response, the database need to be asserted, the interface to ensure the correctness of operation of the database
Data cleansing: if the interface has more database operations, changes need to be restored after the assertion

test_user_reg.py

import unittest
import requests
from db import *   # 导入db.py文件，源码见上篇

# 数据准备
NOT_EXIST_USER = '范冰冰'
EXIST_USER = '张三'


class TestUserReg(unittest.TestCase): url = 'http://115.28.108.130:5000/api/user/reg/' def test_user_reg_normal(self): # 环境检查 if check_user(NOT_EXIST_USER): del_user(NOT_EXIST_USER) # 发送请求 data = {'name': NOT_EXIST_USER, 'password': '123456'} res = requests.post(url=self.url, json=data) # 期望响应结果，注意字典格式和json格式的区别（如果有true/false/null要转化为字典格式） except_res = { "code": "100000", "msg": "成功", "data": { "name": NOT_EXIST_USER, "password": "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e" } } # 响应断言（整体断言） self.assertDictEqual(res.json(), except_res) # 数据库断言 self.assertTrue(check_user(NOT_EXIST_USER)) # 环境清理（由于注册接口向数据库写入了用户信息） del_user(NOT_EXIST_USER) def test_user_reg_exist(self): # 环境检查 if not check_user(EXIST_USER): add_user(EXIST_USER) # 发送请求 data = {'name': EXIST_USER, 'password': '123456'} res = requests.post(url=self.url, json=data) # 期望响应结果，注意字典格式和json格式的区别（如果有true/false/null要转化为字典格式） except_res = { "code": "100001", "msg": "失败，用户已存在", "data": { "name": EXIST_USER, "password": "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e" } } # 响应断言（整体断言） self.assertDictEqual(res.json(), except_res) # 数据库断言(没有注册成功，数据库没有添加新用户) # 环境清理（无需清理） if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(verbosity=2) # 运行所有用例

Organizational and operational use cases

In addition to using unittest.main () to run the entire test class, we can also test set flexible organization to be run by TestSuite

New TestSuite and add test cases

import unittest
from test_user_login import TestUserLogin  
from test_user_reg import TestUserReg # 从上面两个例子里导入测试类 suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(TestUserLogin('test_user_login_normal')) # 添加单个用例 suite.addTests([TestUserReg('test_user_reg_normal'),TestUserReg('test_user_reg_exist')]) # 添加多个用例 # 运行测试集 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite) # verbosity显示级别，运行顺序为添加到suite中的顺序

Use makeSuite come production examples Collection

import unittest
from test_user_login import TestUserLogin

suite1 = unittest.makeSuite(TestUserLogin, 'test_user_login_normal') # 使用测试类的单条用例制作测试集 suite2 = unittest.makeSuite(TestUserLogin) # 使用整个测试类制作测试集合(包含该测试类所有用例) unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite1)

Use TestLoader generate test sets (a loader Example)

improt unittest
from test_user_login import TestUserLogin

suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestUserLogin) # 加载该测试类所有用例并生成测试集

unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

Using Discover (use cases found) through all use cases

import unittest

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")  # 遍历当前目录及子包中所有test_*.py中所有unittest用例
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

note:

Subdirectory contains the required __init__.pydocuments, and should be a Python package
All use cases as test _ *. Py, contains the test classes should begin with Test, and inherit unittest.TestCase, patients should begin with a test_

Nesting test set

import unittest
from test_user_login import TestUserLogin

suite1 = unittest.TestSuite()
suite1.addTest(TestUserLogin('test_user_login_normal'))

suite2 = makeSuite(TestUserLogin, 'test_user_login_password_wrong') suite = unittest.TestSuite([suite1, suite2]) # 将两个测试集组合为一个 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)

Generate test reports

Generated text report

import unittest

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")

# 输出测试结果到文本文件
with open("result.txt","w") as f: unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=f,verbosity=2).run(suite) # 将输出流stream输出到文件

Generate HTML reports

Download HTMLTestRunnerCN
Unzip and extract the package python3x folder HTMLTestRunnerCN.py copied to the project directory
New Script in the directoryrun_all.py

import unittest
from HTMLTestReportCN import HTMLTestRunner

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./")

f = open("report.html", 'wb') # 二进制写格式打开要生成的报告文件 HTMLTestRunner(stream=f,title="Api Test",description="测试描述",runner="卡卡").run(suite) f.close()

Run the script will be generated report.html in the current folder, you can open a browser

Project preview

testing report

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