unittest testing framework

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First, the unittest testing framework

• unittest is a unit testing framework for python, unittest unit testing provides solutions for creating test cases, test suites, and batch execution. As a unit testing framework, unittest is also an agile test for the smallest module of the program.
• Are unittest and Junit both unit tests? The difference is: unittest is a unit test based on functional testing, a functional test based on UI interface, while Junit is a white box unit testing framework.
• Solved the repeated operation of a single script (import package, get browser driver, close browser).

1. Test the firmware

1.1 setUp（）

• A method to initialize the environment before executing the test case script.

1.2 tearDown（）

• After the test case is executed, clean up the environment.

2. Basic use of unittest

• Name of the test case: test_ .

from selenium import webdriver
import time
import unittest

class TestUnit1(unittest.TestCase):
    # 获取浏览器的驱动
    def setUp(self):
        # 1、self 就是类的引用/实例
        # 2、全局变量的定义：self.变量名
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
        self.driver.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(3)

        # 在百度中搜索信息
        # 测试用例的命名： test_
    def test_search1(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("顾一野")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(6)

    def test_search2(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("account")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(6)

    # 关闭浏览器
    def tearDowm(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    # 一个入口
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        unittest.main()

3. Test suite

• A test case group formed by organizing test cases under different files.
• Put the test cases that need to be executed at one time in a suite and run them at one time.

import unittest
from Test import testbaidu1
from Test import testbaidu2


def creatSuit():
    # 1、要把不同测试脚本的类中的需要执行的方法放在一个测试套件中
    # suit = unittest.TestSuite()
    # suit.addTest(testbaidu1.Baidu1("test_hao"))
    # suit.addTest(testbaidu2.Baidu2("test_hao"))
    # suit.addTest(testbaidu2.Baidu2("test_baidusearch"))
    # return suit

    # 2、如果需要把一个测试脚本中年所有的测试用例都添加到suit中，怎么做？
    # 第一种※：makeSuit

    #  suit = unittest.TestSuite()
    #  suit.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(testbaidu1.Baidu1))
    #  suit.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(testbaidu2.Baidu2))
    #  return suit

    # 第二种：TestLoader

    # suit1 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(testbaidu1.Baidu1)
    # suit2 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(testbaidu2.Baidu2)
    # suit = unittest.TestSuite([suit1, suit2])
    # return suit

    # 3、可以把一个文件夹下面所有的测试脚本中的测试用例放入测试套件
    discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../Test", pattern="testbaidu*.py", top_level_dir=None)
    return discover


if __name__ == "__main__":
    suit = creatSuit()
    # verbersity= 0 测试用例成功多少，失败多少, 1 会标注哪个成功/失败, 2 会标注
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
    runner.run(suit)

3.1 Test case execution sequence

• Sort by name after test_, 0 ~ 9, A ~ Z, a ~ z. If the first letter is the same, look at the second letter, and execute sequentially.

3.2 Ignoring the execution of test cases

@unittest.skip("skipping")

4, affirmation

• In the automated script to determine whether the actual results and the expected results are consistent.
• Taking Baidu as an example, how to judge the success of the query? The title of a web page is the search information, or the appearance of an element in the page.
• assertEqual(expected result, actual result, msg = "what to output if actual result does not match expected result").

    def test_hbaidu(self):
        driver = self.driver
        url = self.url
        driver.get(url)
        # self.assertEqual("突如其来的假期_百度搜索", driver.title, msg="实际结果和预期结果不一致" )
        self.assertTrue("百度一下，你就知道" == driver.title, msg="不一致！！！")
        driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("突如其来的假期")
        driver.find_element_by_id("su").submit()
        time.sleep(5)
        print(driver.title)
        # self.assertEqual(driver.title, "突如其来的假期_百度搜索", msg="实际结果和预期结果不一致" )
        time.sleep(6)

5. HTML report generation

• When there are many test cases, it is necessary to count the execution results of the test cases.
• HTML reports and error screenshots are used to analyze the results of batch execution of test cases. Error screenshots can help us to see the specific page and error status of the error more clearly.

5.1 Test report

import HTMLTestRunner
import os
import sys
import time
import unittest

def createsuite():
    discovers = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../Test", pattern="testbaidu*.py", top_level_dir=None)
    print(discovers)
    return discovers

if __name__=="__main__":
    # 文件夹要创建地址，脚本所在的目录，
    curpath = sys.path[0]
    # c 盘下所有的路径都被打开，相当于一个数组
    print(sys.path)
    # 只是需要第一个
    print(sys.path[0])
    # 1，创建文件夹，存放 HTML 报告
    if not os.path.exists(curpath+'/resultreport'):
        os.makedirs(curpath+'/resultreport')

    # 2，文件夹的命名：时间  时分秒，名称绝对不会重复  time.time() 获取时间戳，local转换为当地时间。
    # time.strftime() 把本地时间以某一种特定格式展示。
    now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H %M %S", time.localtime(time.time()))
    print(now)
    print(time.time())
    print(time.localtime(time.time()))

    # 文件名
    filename = curpath + '/resultreport/'+ now + 'resultreport.html'

    # 打开文件，编写内容
    with open(filename, 'wb') as fp:

        runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title=u"测试报告",
                                               description=u"用例执行情况", verbosity=2)
        suite = createsuite()
        runner.run(suite)

5.2 Exception Capture and Error Screenshots

• Elements of BUG: title, version number, test environment, test steps (test data), expected results, actual results, attachments (error logs, error screenshots)
• BUG recurrence: Let the BUG appear again, so that developers can locate the BUG faster.
• Errors can be caught, and screenshots of errors can be saved, which brings convenience to our error location.

5.2.1 Error screenshot: get_screenshot_as_file()

    def save_errorImage(self, driver,fileName):
        # "./" 表示当前路径
        if not os.path.exists("./image"):
            os.makedirs("./image")
        # 错误截图的名称要不一样
        now = time.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file("./image/" + now + fileName)

5.2.2 Exception Catching

        try:
            self.assertEqual("肖战_百度搜索", self.driver.title, msg="和预期结果不一致")
        except:
            self.save_errorImage(self.driver, "error.png")

5.2.3 Overall code

from selenium import webdriver
import time
import unittest
import os

class TestUnit1(unittest.TestCase):
    # 获取浏览器的驱动
    def setUp(self):
        # 1、self 就是类的引用/实例
        # 2、全局变量的定义：self.变量名
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
        self.driver.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(3)

        # 在百度中搜索信息
        # 测试用例的命名： test_

    def test_search1(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("顾一野")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(6)
    # 在百度中搜索英文
    def test_search2(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("Lisa")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(6)
        # 异常捕捉 再传参数时，没有传 self，实例也可以不用传。 在TestCase类下，只有test_ 才执行，其他的只有被调用才执行。
        try:
            self.assertEqual("肖战_百度搜索", self.driver.title, msg="和预期结果不一致")
        except:
            self.save_errorImage(self.driver, "error.png")

    def save_errorImage(self, driver,fileName):
        # "./" 表示当前路径
        if not os.path.exists("./image"):
            os.makedirs("./image")
        # 错误截图的名称要不一样
        now = time.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file("./image/" + now + fileName)

    # 关闭浏览器
    def tearDowm(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    # 一个入口
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        unittest.main()

2. Data-driven

• For example a search box, how to do functional testing?
  For example, in news, enter the name (Chinese, English), etc., to see if the corresponding information is searched. and so on.
• Automated test case:
  • 1. Locate the input box "kw" and enter the content in the input box.
  • 2. Position Baidu and click the button "su" and click the button.
  • 3. Determine the search content.
• The above method is too complicated, and you can use data-driven to complete test cases that need to be executed multiple times at one time.

1. DDT installation

• 1. Check whether ddt is installed, enter pip show ddt in cmd, and the version number appears, indicating that the installation is successful.
• 2. If it is not installed, enter pip install ddt in cmd to install.

2. Use of ddt

• Reference documentation: http://ddt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
• 1. Import from ddt import ddt, unpack, data, file_data and import sys, csv
• 2. Be sure to add @ddt before the class

from selenium import webdriver
import time
import unittest
from ddt import ddt, unpack, data, file_data
import sys, csv, os

# 如何读取 TXT 文件中的数据形成数组
def getTxt(file_name):
    rows = []
    path = sys.path[0]
    with open(path + "/" + file_name, 'rt') as f:
        readers = csv.reader(f, delimiter=",", quotechar="|")
        next(readers, None)
        for row in readers:
            temprows=[]
            for i in row:
                temprows.append(i)
            rows.append(temprows)
        print(rows)
        return rows

@ddt
class Search(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(6)

    @unittest.skip("skipping")
    # 1、一次性传一个参数
    @data("肖战", "Lisa", "顾一野", "党章")
    def test_find1(self, value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(value)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(5)

    @unittest.skip("skipping")
    # 2、一次性传两个参数 u:utf-8,防止中文乱码  需要 unpack 来一一对应参数
    @data(['Lisa', u"Lisa_百度搜索"], [u'肖战', u"顾一野_百度搜索"])
    @unpack
    def test_find2(self, value, expected_value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(value)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(6)
        try:
            self.assertEqual(expected_value, self.driver.title, msg="与预期结果不一致")
        except:
            self.save_errorImage(self.driver, "error.png")
        time.sleep(5)

    @unittest.skip("skipping")
    # 3、使用 json 文件（一次传一个数据） ，测试数据在文件里，整洁、保存多
    @file_data('test_baidu_data.json')
    def test_find3(self, value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(value)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(5)

    # 4、传入一个 txt 文件（可以传多组数据）
    @data(*getTxt('test_baidu_data.txt'))
    @unpack
    def test_find4(self, value, expected_value):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(value)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(5)
        # 断言
        self.assertEqual(expected_value, self.driver.title, msg="与预期结果不一致")
        print(expected_value)
        print(self.driver.title)
        time.sleep(5)


    def save_errorImage(self, driver, fileName):
        if not os.path.exists("./image"):
            os.makedirs("./image")
        now = time.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S",time.localtime(time.time()))
        driver.get_screenshot_as_file("./image/" + now + "-"+ fileName)

    # 关闭浏览器
    def tearDown(self):
       self.driver.quit()

    # 一个入口
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        unittest.main()

test_baidu_data.txt

data
周迅, 周迅_百度搜索
肖战, 肖战_百度搜索

test_baidu_data.json

[
"jolin",
"林俊杰"
]