1, describes what GPT is how it should use
Linux disk partitions into MBR and GPT.
MBR called the Master Boot Record, the master boot record, partition is the traditional mechanisms used in the vast majority of PC BIOS used equipment.
MBR partition features:
1, MBR supports 32-bit and 64-bit system
2, MBR supports a limited number of partitions
3, MBR only supports 2T hard drive, the hard disk will exceed 2T only with 2T space.
GPT (full name GUID Partition Table) partition for the globally unique partition table, partition is a relatively new mechanism to address the many shortcomings MBR
GPT partition features:
1, support for disk exceeds 2T (64-bit addressing). Fdisk can only create a maximum partition size 2TB
2, backward compatible with MBR
3, can be used on UEFI-supported hardware (Intel proposed to replace the BIOS)
4, the system 64 must be used
5, Mac, Linux, Windows7 / 8 64bit, windows Server2008 64bits system can support GPT partition format
GPT disk partition using parted tool to achieve:
Parted usage commonly used options:
Usage: parted [option] ... [equipment [command [argument] ...] ...]
The command with a parameter for the device. If there is no command appears, it runs in interactive mode.
Help options:
-h, - help show this help
-l, --list lists partition information for all devices
-I, --interactive necessary is that the user is prompted
-s, --script never prompt the user
-v, --version display version
Operation command:
Minot # for a simple file system check
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-MINOR TO-MINOR # copied to another file system partition
help [COMMAND] # print general help information, or information about the command
mklable Label Type # to create a new disk label (partition table)
mkfs MINOR # Create a file system type type "file system type" file system MINOR
mkpart partition type [type of file system] START END to create a partition #
mkpartfs partition type file system type START END # create a partition with a file system
# move MINOR START END move partition number MINOR
name MINOR name will be numbered as # MINOR partition named "name"
print [MINOR] # print the partition table, partition or
Exit the program quit #
Lost rescue START END # save Near the "starting point" and "end point" of partition
resize MINOR START END MINOR number is located at # change the partition size of the file system
rm MINOR # delete partition number MINOR
select the device you want to edit device #
set MINOR flag status change number # sign partition MINOR
Example:
Step 1, using parted tool to create disk partitions on the device / dev / sdb
1 [root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb 2 3 GNU Parted 3.1 4 5 Using /dev/sdb 6 7 Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. 8 9 (parted) 10 11
Step 2, we need to create a partition table (can use the help command parted print help information):
(parted) mklabel New Disk label of the type? gpt # we have to correct disk partition larger than 2TB, you should use the partition table gpt mode, enter a carriage return gpt) (parted) mkpart Partition name? []? myNewGPT # input to create a new district name file system type [ext2] ext4 # enter the file system to create the type of information, if ext2 type can simply press the enter key?? Start 0 # enter the partition's starting point? End 5G # input partition termination points;? GPT different partitions and MBR partition, there can be entered directly as a starting point from 0 to 5G size warning:. the resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance # here to warn the new partition will format the partition contents ? ignore / Cancel I # ignore / cancel (parted)
Step 3, we have created a partition, use the following command to print out the print look
(parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 5000MB 5000MB myNewGPT (parted)
Step 4, if the partition is wrong, you can use the rm command to delete the partition, followed by partition number, for example, we want to remove the above partition 1, and then print the results after deletion
(parted) rm 1 (parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted)
Step 5, since parted built mkfs is still not perfect, so we can use later to complete the quit command to exit parted and mkfs command system to format the partition, and this time if you use fdisk -l command to print the partition table will appear warning information, it is normal
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion. Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: gpt Disk identifier: E53CF9CC-6556-41C1-B188-25735A0928F7 # Start End Size Type Name 1 34 9765625 4.7G Microsoft basic myFirstGPT
Step 6, the file system format
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]#
Step 7, mount
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/myFirstGPT [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb /mnt/myFirstGPT/
2. Create a 10G partition, and format for the etx4 file system. Claim:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3a339f3a.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
(1) block size of 2048, 20% reserve space, the volume label MYDATA
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 20 -L MYDATA /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 5242880 blocks
1048576 blocks (20.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=273678336
320 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104,
2048000, 3981312
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]#
(2) Mount / mydata directory, to ban the program to run automatically when the mount, and does not update the file access time stamps
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mydata [root@localhost ~]# mount -o noatime,noexec /dev/sdb1 /mydata
(3) can be switched automatically mount
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: LABEL="MYDATA" UUID="af467f45-8b5c-426f-9aa6-6327e0a4e064" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab UUID=af467f45-8b5c-426f-9aa6-6327e0a4e064 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# mount –a
3, create a swap partition size for the 1G and enable
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3a339f3a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 20973568 23070719 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sdb3
4, calculates scripting / etc / passwd file 10 and the user 20 of the user id and
#!/bin/bash #fileName addId.sh #author gongxu #data 2019/12/9 id1=$(head -10 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3) id2=$(head -20 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3) id_sum=$[$id1+$id2] echo “id_sum=$id_sum” 执行脚本： [root@localhost ~]# bash .addId.sh “id_sum=1008”
5, save the current host name to hostName variable, if the host name is empty or is localhost.localdomain will be set to www.magedu.com
hostName=$(hostname) [ -z "$hostName" -o "$hostName" == "localhost.localdomain" -o "$hostName" == "localhost" ] && hostname www.magedu.com
6, scripting, command line parameters into a user name, id judgment of even or odd
#! / bin / bash # the If [$ # -eq 1]; the then! echo "Please the INPUT AT lessest One userName" Exit 2 fi $ uid = grep "^ $ 1 \>" / etc / passwd | Cut -d: - f3 $ 2% = $ UID uid_yu the If uid_yu -eq $ 0; the then echo "$ ID No. 1 is even" the else echo "$ ID No. 1 is an odd number" Fi
7, lvm basic applications and extend down to achieve.
Basic use LVM refer to this blog post LVM