Operation and maintenance engineers Daguai upgrade path
HTTPS: // www.jishux.com/p/4bd86622bf4f8aaa trying to learn in-depth study ..
primary
1, Linux foundation
At first stage should be familiar with Linux / Windows operating system installation, directory structure, startup processes.
2, System Management
The main learning Linux system, basically a production environment to complete the work in the character interface, so to master dozens of basic common management commands, including user management, disk partitioning, package management, file permissions, text processing, process management, performance analysis tools.
3, network infrastructure
OSI and TCP / IP model must be familiar with. The basic switches, routers concept and realization of the principle to know.
4, Shell Scripting basis
Shell master the basic grammatical structures, you can write a simple script.
intermediate
1, network services
The most commonly used network services will have to be deployed, such as vsftp, nfs, samba and so on.
Code version management system and ultimately can learn SVN and GIT under the mainstream, simple to deploy and use it.
Often transfer data between servers, so to use: rsync and scp.
Data synchronization: inotify / sersync.
Repeatability do some work, you can write a script timed to run, so you have to be configured regular service crond task under Linux.
2, Web service
Each company will have a basic website, allowing the site up and running, you need to build Web services platform.
If you are using PHP language development, usually built LAMP, LNMP website platform, which is a combination of technical terms of spelling, we have separate talk is deployed Apache, Nginx, MySQL and PHP.
If JAVA language development, generally use Tomcat to run the project, in order to improve access speeds, you can use a reverse proxy Nginx Tomcat, Nginx handling static pages, dynamic pages Tomcat process to achieve static and dynamic separation.
3, database
Select the database MySQL, which is the world's most widely used open source database. Be sure to learn it!
It should be some simple SQL statements, user management, common storage engine, database backup and recovery.
Want further point must be optimized master-slave replication, performance, mainstream cluster solution: MHA, MGR and so on.
4, security
Safety is very important! When a server line should be done immediately secure access control policies, such as the use iptables to limit access to allow only trusted source IP, closed some useless services and ports.
5, the monitoring system
Monitoring is essential, it is the timely detection of problems and issues of traceability straw. Zabbix monitoring system can choose to learn the mainstream open source, feature-rich, to meet basic monitoring needs. Monitoring points including aspects of the basic server resources, interface status, service performance, PV / UV, logs and the like.
Can get hold of several real-time dashboard display of key data, such as Grafana, it will be very cool.
6, Shell Scripting Advanced
Linux Shell Scripting is done automatically work tool, have to prepare skilled, so you have to learn more functions, arrays, signals, email and so on.
Text Processing Three Musketeers (grep, sed, awk) have to play 6 ah, Linux in text processing counting on them.
7, Python Development Foundation
Shell scripts can only complete some basic tasks you want to accomplish more complex tasks, such as calling API, multi-process and so on. We need to learn a high-level language.
Python is the operation and maintenance areas most used language, easy to use, be sure to learn it! This stage will be able to master the basic, such as basic grammatical structures, file object operations, functions, objects iteration, exception handling, mail, database programming.
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advanced
1, Web caching static
Shouted the old users visit the site slow to see the server resources very rich ah! Slow site visits may not lead to saturation of server resources, affecting many factors, such as network, forwarding and other layers.
For the network, there is a north-south communication problems between the access will be slow, this can be used to solve CDN, while caching static pages, as far as possible to intercept the request in response to the top, to reduce the back-end requests and response time.
2, cluster
After all, the limited resources of a single server, resist high traffic is certainly unsustainable, address the most critical issue is the use of this technology load balancer, multiple Web servers scale horizontally, while external services, thus doubling the scalability. The load balancer mainstream open source technology has LVS, HAProxy and Nginx. You must be familiar with one or two!
Web server performance bottleneck is resolved, the database is more critical, or the use of cluster, MySQL Take learned, it can be a master multi-slave architecture, on the basis of separate read and write, the master is responsible for writing, reading from responsible, from the library extend horizontally, four front again a load balancer, carrying ten million PV, properly properly!
High availability software will also have to avoid a single point of the weapon, the mainstream has Keepalived, Heartbeat and so on.
Website images ye so much too! NFS shared storage support, however, the process is very slow, Haonong! The distributed file system, parallel processing tasks, no single point, high reliability, high performance characteristics, there is the mainstream FastDFS, MFS, HDFS, Ceph, GFS like. Early, then I suggest learning under FastDFS, to meet the needs of small and medium scale.
3, virtualization
Hardware server resource utilization is very low, even a waste! Can be idle server virtualization, inflicted a number of virtual machines, each virtual machine is a complete operating system. Can to a large extent improve resource utilization. I recommend learning open source KVM + OpenStack cloud platform.
Virtual machines can also be used as the basic platform, but the application of business elastically stretchable weight of it too! Start several minutes, documents and the large, rapidly expanding too strenuous!
Say, the container, the container main feature is the rapid deployment and the environment. A service package to the mirror, the minutes to create hundreds of bell containers.
Non-mainstream technology Docker container must go.
Of course, stand-alone production environment Docker most cases is unable to meet the business needs, can be deployed Kubernetes, Swarm cluster management container, forming a large pool of resources, centralized management, provide strong support for the infrastructure.
4, automation
Repeatedly duplication of work, not only can not improve efficiency, value is also not reflected.
All standardized operation and maintenance work, such as environmental version of the directory structure, such as a unified operating system. In order to automate more aspects of standardization on the basis of, or knock on a few little mouse commands to complete a complex task, Shuang Shuang zai zai!
Therefore, all operations as automated as possible, reduce human error and improve efficiency.
Mainstream server centralized management tool: Ansible, Saltstack
Any one of these two options on the line.
Continuous integration tools: Jenkins
5, Python Advanced Development
Learning Python can go any further development, grasp the object-oriented programming.
Palm also learn the best framework for developing a Web site, such as Django, Flask, is the development of operation and maintenance management system, wrote some of the complex process platform, and then integrated centralized management tool that can create one of your own operation and maintenance management platform .
Specific learning ideas can look at the history of public micro-channel number of the article: "Revelation: How to Build operation and maintenance automation platform"
6, log analysis system
Log is also very important, regular analysis can identify potential risks, to extract something of value.
A set of open source log system: ELK
Learn to use the deployment, to provide logs to see the development of demand.
7, performance optimization
Only deployment is not enough, improve service performance optimization to maximize carrying capacity.
This one is more difficult, the key point is paid, for the money they have to doing something to learn ah!
You can expand think from the hardware layer, operating system layer, software layer and the architectural layer dimensions.
Summary: Tools and occupation weapons
Text Processing
grep, sed, awk
data transmission
Rsync、Scp、Inodify/Sersync
Process Management
Supervisor
Performance Analysis
top、free、df、iftop、iostat、vmstat、dstat、sar、sysdig
Internet service
vsftp、nfs、samba、bind、dhcp、postfix
Web Service
Apache、Nginx、Tomcat、JBoss、Resin
database
MySQL、MariaDB、Percona Server for MySQL
NoSQL
Redis、MongoDB
Messaging middleware
RabbitMQ、ActiveMQ
Version Management
SVN、Git
Static cache
Squid、Varnish、Nginx
Load Balancing
LVS、HAProxy、Nginx
High Availability Software
Keepalived、Heartbeat、DRBD、corosync+pacemaker
Centralized management tool
Ansible、Saltstack、Chef、Puppet
Virtualization and cloud platform
KVM、Xen、Docker、Kubernetes、Openstack、Cloudstack
Automatically installed
Kickstart、Cobbler
Packet capture analysis
Tcpdump、Wireshark
Continuous Integration
Jenkins、Gitlab
MySQL Proxy
High, Cobar, Mycat
Pressure measurement
ab、fio、sysbench、mysqlslap
Security check
chrootkit、rkhunter
Logging system
ELK
monitor
Zabbix、Cacti、Nagios、Grafana
Direction, and are not afraid of road away!
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Reproduced in: https: //www.cnblogs.com/jinanxiaolaohu/p/10766109.html