5.6 time module
Common methods of time already knows: time.time () Gets the timestamp of the current time; time.sleep (num) thread postpone a specified time (seconds) and then continue down.
Time representation
Can be divided into: time stamp tuples (struct_time), the formatted time string
Timestamp --timestamp
Timestamp indicates that from the beginning of January 1970 00:00:00 1st, by second type is float
Formatted time string (Format String)
| % Y represents two-digit year (00-99) | % Y represents a four-digit year (000-9999) |
| % M (01-12) | Within a% d day of the month (0-31) |
| % H 24 hours (0-23) manufactured by h | % I 12 hours hour (01-12) |
| % M number of minutes (00 = 59) | % S seconds (00-59) |
| % A week simplify local name | % A full weekday name local |
| % B local simplify month name | % B Full month name of the local |
| % C represents the corresponding date and time represent the local | One day (001-366)% j years |
| % P local AM or PM equivalent character | % U week number of the year (00-53) for the week beginning Sunday |
| % W week (0-6), Sunday is the start of week | % W week number of the year (00-53) for the week beginning Monday |
| % X indicates the corresponding local date | % X indicates the corresponding local time |
| Name% Z current time zone | %%% Number itself |
Tuple (struct_time)
struct_time tuple total of nine elements were nine elements :( year, month, day, hour, minute, second, the first few weeks of the year, day of the year, etc.)
| Index (Index) | Property (Attribute) | Value (Values) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | tm_year (years) | For example, 2011 |
| 1 | tm_mon (月) | 1 - 12 |
| 2 | tm_mday (Japan) | 1 - 31 |
| 3 | tm_hour (time) | 0 - 23 |
| 4 | tm_min (points) | 0 - 59 |
| 5 | tm_sec (s) | 0 - 60 |
| 6 | tm_wday（weekday） | 0--6 (0 for Monday) |
| 7 | tm_yday (the first day of the year) | 1 - 366 |
| 8 | tm_isdst (whether it is daylight saving time) | The default is 0 |
[Summary] timestamps are the computer can recognize time; who is able to read time string time; tuple is used to operate the time
import time #导入时间模块
#时间戳
print(time.time())
# 1561729203.008572
#时间字符串
ft = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") #格式化里的字符必须是ASCII里的元素，不能是汉字
print(ft) #2019-06-28 21:42:24
#时间元组
tt = time.localtime()
print(tt)
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=21, tm_min=44, tm_sec=5, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=179, tm_isdst=0)Conversion between several formats
#格式化时间---->结构化时间
ft1 = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
st1 = time.strptime(ft1,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") #转成结构化时间，后边的格式必须要与格式化时间结构一致
print(st1)
#结构化时间--->时间戳
tt1 = time.mktime(st1) #转换后，时间戳紧缺到小数点后一位
print(tt1)
#时间戳--->结构化时间
st2 = time.localtime(tt1) #不传参，就是获取当前的结构化时间
print(st2)
st3 = time.gmtime(tt1)
print(st3)
#结构化时间--->格式化时间
ft2 = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",st3) #strftime要把更改的时间放在第二个位置参数
print(ft2)asctime 与 ctime
- struct_time ----> format time format is fixed
st = time.localtime() #获取当前结构化时间
print(st)
ft = time.asctime() #获取当前格式化时间
print(ft)
ft1 = time.asctime(st) #把结构化时间转换成固定格式的格式化时间，
print(ft1)- timestamp ----> format time format is fixed
tt = time.time()
ft = time.ctime() #不传参，获取当前格式化时间
ft1 = time.ctime(tt) #把时间戳时间转换成固定格式的格式化时间，
print(ft1)[Practice] to calculate the time difference
sta_time = time.mktime(time.strptime('2017-12-23 08:30:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
end_time = time.mktime(time.strptime('2018-12-23 08:30:00','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
dif_time = end_time - sta_time
st = time.gmtime(dif_time)
print('过去了%d年%d月%d天%d小时%d分钟%d秒'%(st.tm_year-1970,st.tm_mon-1,
st.tm_mday-1,st.tm_hour,
st.tm_min,st.tm_sec))5.7 datetime module
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now)
print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)) #4周后
print(datetime.datetime.now()+datetime.timedelta(weeks=-3)) #3周前
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-2)) # 2天前
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=3)) # 三天后
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=5)) # 5小时后
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=-6)) # 6小时前
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=-10)) # 10分钟前
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=15)) # 15分钟后
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=-30)) # 30秒前
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=40)) # 40秒后
current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(current_time.replace(year=2008)) # 直接调整到2008年
print(current_time.replace(month=11)) # 直接调整到11月份
print(current_time.replace(year=1997,month=4,day=25)) # 1997-04-25 18:49:05.898601
# 将时间戳转化成时间
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(1232132131)) # 2009-01-175.8 random module
Generate random numbers
import random
# 随机生成小数
n1 = random.random() #随机生成0-1范围内的小数
# 自定义范围的小数
n2 = random.uniform(1,4) #可用于发红包
# 随机整数
n3 = random.randint(1,9) #自定义范围内的整数, 1 <= n3 <= 9
n4 = random.randrange(1, 10, 2) #[2,4,6,8]范围内的偶数，1 <= n4 < 10范围内的偶数
# 随机选择一个返回值
n5 = random.choice([1,'23',['a','c']]) #返回列表长得一个元素
n6 = random.sample((1,'23',['a','c']),2) #随机返回列表中的两个组合,原序列不变，返回值顺序不定
n7 = random.sample('12345',3) #原序列不变，返回值顺序不定
# 这里的范围必须是有序类型的数据:Population must be a sequence or set,不能是字典和int类型
# 打乱列表顺序,仅限列表
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
random.shuffle(li)
print(li)Exercise] [ generating check code 4
import random
def auth_num():
s = ''
for i in range(4):
num = random.randint(0,9)
alp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
ALP = chr(random.randint(97,122)) #chr的作用Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i
add = random.choice([num,alp,ALP])
s += str(add)
return s
code = auth_num()
print(code)