Drawing matplotlib-- histogram boxplot

1. histogram drawing --hish () Draw

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import math

#### 创建画布

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))

###创建数据

age = [10,20,30,44,23,32,55,11,8,9,17,19,20,33,30,30,40,44,55,55,21,66,64,61,60,66,73,84,73,83,88]

###指定分组情况-----默认系统自动进行分组

# bins = 6

##### 自定义分组

###找到最大值，最小值相减，得出极差

max = np.max(age)
min = np.min(age)

##极差
ptp = max-min

##指定组距----10为一组
bins = math.ceil(ptp/5)
arr = np.arange(min,(5*bins)+6,5)

print(arr)

###绘图
plt.hist(age,bins=bins,color='g')
plt.title('年龄直方图')
##默认不支持中文，想用中文，必须进行设置RC参数
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
##默认不支持负号，想用负号，进行RC参数设置
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
##x轴刻度
plt.xticks(arr)

###保存
plt.savefig('./直方图.png')

##展示
plt.show()

 

2. boxplot --boxplot () plotted as a function

 

boxplot function

matplotlib.pyplot.boxplot(x, notch=None, sym=None, vert=None, whis=None, positions=None,
widths=None, patch_artist=None,meanline=None, labels=None, … )

Common parameters

parameter name	Explanation	parameter name	Explanation
x	Receiving array. It represents a number of draw box plot data. No default.	positions	Receiving array. Graphical representation position. The default is None.
notch	Receiving boolean. Middle box indicating whether there are missing mouth. The default is None.	widths	Receiving scalar or array. Each box represents a width. The default is None.
sym	Receiving a specific sting. Dot shape specified exception. Farmer believes None.	labels	Receiving array. Each specified boxplot marked tab. The default is None.
vert	Receiving boolean. It is a graph showing the lateral longitudinal or by a transverse. The default is None.	meanline	Receiving boolean. Indicating whether the average line. The default is False.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

data = np.load('./国民经济核算季度数据.npz')
for tmp in data:
    print(tmp)

columns = data["columns"]
values = data["values"]
print(columns)
print(values)


##创建画布
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))

##默认不支持中文，想用中文，必须进行设置RC参数
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'

##默认不支持负号，想用负号，进行RC参数设置
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

###第一个子画布
fig.add_subplot(2,1,1)

x = values[:,3:6]
label = ["第一产业", "第二产业", "第三产业"]


##notch----缺口
##meanline----中线

plt.boxplot(x,notch=False,showmeans=True,meanline=True,labels=label)

plt.xlabel('产业')

plt.ylabel('各产业生产总值(亿元)')

plt.title('2000-2017年各产业生产总值箱线图')


##第二个子画布
fig.add_subplot(2,1,2)
x = values[:,6::]

label = ["农林业", "工业", "建筑业", "批发业", "交通业", "餐饮业", "金融业", "房地产业", "其他"]
plt.boxplot(x,notch=False,meanline=True,labels=label)

plt.xlabel('行业')

plt.ylabel('各行业生产总值(亿元)')

plt.title('2000-2017年各行业生产总值箱线图')


plt.show()