What is kickstart
kickstart an unattended installation of the operating system, he works is to record various parameters of human intervention to fill in the installation process, and will generate a ks.cfg file, if present in process automation installation need to fill in the case of the election parameters, the installer will look for ks.cfg, if the corresponding parameter is found, using the parameters of the match, if not found, you will need to manually fill. So, if the ks.cfg file covers the required parameters, then the installation will be able to tell the system where to download ks.cfg file, then you can wait for the installation.
What is PXE
PXE (preboot execute environment, pre-boot execution environment) is the latest technology developed by Intel Corporation, working in network mode Client / Server, support for workstation download images from a remote server over the network, and thus support the launch of the operating system via the network, during startup, the terminal requires the server to assign an IP address, and then TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol) or MTFTP (multicast trivial file transfer protocol) protocol to download a package to start the machine's memory performed by this software package start terminal (client) basic software provided to guide the terminal operating system pre-installed in the server. PXE can boot multiple operating systems. PXE boot may be multiple operating systems, such as: Windows95 / 98/2000 / windows2003 / windows2008 / winXP / win7 / win8, linux series system.
Preparing the Environment
| lab environment | vmware Workstation12 |
|---|---|
| the system platform | CentOS6.9 graphical |
| Network mode | NAT |
| Firewall | iptables:not running，selinux:disabled |
Ready to work
If you do not have a graphical interface, you can perform online installation graphical interface in accordance with the following
yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum groupinstall "Desktop"
yum groupinstall chinese-support
reboot
HTTP installation
yum install -y httpd
rpm -qa|grep httpd
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
Load ISO image
Here is a selection of mirrors which system to choose which image to install
- Copy the contents of mirroring support html directory
[root@lcx ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 19G 2.3G 16G 14% /
tmpfs 491M 224K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 35M 417M 8% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.7G 3.7G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.9_Final
[root@lcx ~]# cp -r /media/CentOS_6.9_Final/ /var/www/html/
The TFTP
yum install tftp-server -y
- start up
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
PEX boot configuration support program
[root@lcx ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,vesamenu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/
Copy the iso image of vmlinux and initrd.img to the specified file
[root@lcx ~]# cp /var/www/html/CentOS_6.9_Final/images/pxeboot/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/
ISO image is copied to a specified file * .msg
[root@lcx ~]# cp /var/www/html/CentOS_6.9_Final/isolinux/*.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/
- Pxelinux.cfg a new directory in / var / lib / tftpboot / in
[root@lcx ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@lcx ~]# cp /var/www/html/CentOS_6.9_Final/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
- Modify the default file
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default ks
prompt 1
timeout 6
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.9!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label ks
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=http://10.0.0.200/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img ksdevice=eth0
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 1
label memtest86
menu label ^Memory test
kernel memtest
append -
DHCP installation
yum install -y dhcp
- Dhcp modify configuration files
[root@lcx ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# ******************************************************************
# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Tue Sep 25 06:55:49 2018)
# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
# overwritten.
# ******************************************************************
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 10.0.0.200;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
}
# group for Cobbler DHCP tag: default
group {
}
- Start dhcp
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
Kickstart installation
yum install system-config-kickstart
- Start a kickstart in the graphical interface
startx
system-config-kickstart
- Mounting Options HTTP
- Partitioning Setup
- Network Configuration
- Authentication Configuration
- Firewall Configuration
- Graphic environment configuration
- You need to install software packages
- Preview
- Generating ks.cfg file saved to / var / www / html / folder
Enter to save - Edit the file ks.cfg
[root@lcx ~]# vim /var/www/html/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.200/CentOS_6.9_Final"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$lJSsh5pq$MAcK5hMrCQkUYXCR0dnjC/
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Africa/Abidjan
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
key --skip
bootloader --append="rhgb quiet" --location=mbr --driveorder=sda
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=2048
part /home --fstype="ext4" --size=1024
%packages
@mysql-client
%end
If the system key --skip Red Hat, this option to skip the input process number; if Centos series, this content may not be retained
reboot this option must exist, it must be set to a position in the text, or display a message kickstart and waits for the user to press any key to reboot after
clearpart --all --initlable This command must be added, otherwise the system will let the user choose whether to clear all the data manually, which requires human intervention, and resulting in an automated process fails
test
- Add a new virtual machine, network mode selection nat
specify a disk size, ks.cfg file, we define / size of 2GB, / home partition to 1GB, so here's disk size must be at least 3GB. Also, be sure to check the "allocate all disk space now", or at a later time when you will be prompted to install no disk space.
- After completion you can start testing the new
