PXE high-efficiency batch network installation and unattended cooperation with Kickstart
- One, PXE
- 2. Realize Kickstart unattended installation (using desktop environment)
-
- 1. Prepare to install the answer file
- 2. Open the "Kickstart Configuration Program" window
- 3. Configure kickstart options
- 4. Configure the software packages that need to be installed
- 5. Copy /root/ks.cfg to the /var/ftp directory
- 6. Edit the boot menu file default and add ks boot parameters
- 7. Create a new virtual machine to verify the results
One, PXE
(I. Overview
PXE (Pre-Boot Execution Environment) is a network boot technology developed by Inter company. It works in Client/Server mode, allowing clients to download boot images from remote servers via the network, and load installation files or the entire operating system
(2) Advantages of PXE
Large-scale: Assemble multiple servers at the same time. Automation: Install the system and configure various services. Remote realization: No CD, U disk and other installation media are required
(3) Conditions for building PXE services
The client's network card must support the PXE protocol (integrated BOOTROM chip), and the motherboard supports network boot. Generally, most servers support it. You only need to allow booting from Network or LAN in the BIOS settings. There is a DHCP server in the network to automatically assign addresses to clients and specify the location of the boot file. The server shall provide the download of the boot image file through the TFTP service (Simple File Transfer Protocol)
(4) Build a PXE remote installation server
The PXE remote installation server integrates CentOS7 installation source, TFTP service, DHCP service, and can send PXE boot program, Linux kernel, boot menu and other data to the client bare metal, as well as provide installation files.
1. Install and start the TFTP service
TFTP(Simple File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for simple file transfer between client and server based on UDP protocol, suitable for small file transfer applications. TFTP service is managed by xinetd service by default, using UDP port 69
xinetdIt is a new generation of network daemon service program, also called super server, commonly used to manage a variety of lightweight Internet services
yum -y install tftp-server xinetd //安装并启用 TFTP 服务
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp //修改TFTP服务的配置文件
protocol = udp //TFTP默认使用UDP协议
wait = no //no表示客户机可以多台一起连接，yes表示客户机只能一台一台连接
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot //指定TFTP根目录（引导文件的存储路径）
disable = no //no表示开启TFTP服务
systemctl start tftp //开启ftp服务
systemctl enable tftp //开启ftp服务开机自启
systemctl start xinetd //开启xinetd服务
systemctl enable xinetd //开启xinetd服务开机自启
2. Install and enable DHCP service
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol) is a network protocol for local area network, using UDP protocol to work
yum -y install dhcp //安装dhcp软件包
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd. //将dhcp配置模板复制到dhcp配置文件中
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf"? //yes
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf //修改DHCP服务的配置文件
ddns-update-style none; //禁用 DNS 动态更新
next-server 192.168.71.20; //指定 TFTP 服务器的地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; //指定要下载的 PXE 引导程序的文件
subnet 192.168.71.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
//声明要分配的网段地址
range 192.168.71.50 192.168.71.150; //设置地址池
option routers 192.168.71.20; //默认网关地址指向TFTP服务器的IP地址
}
systemctl start dhcpd //开启dhcp服务
systemctl enable dhcpd //开启dhcp服务开机自启
3. Prepare the Linux kernel and initialize the image file
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
cd /mnt/images/pxeboot
cp vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ //复制 Linux系统的内核文件 到TFTP根目录下
cp initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ //复制 初始化镜像文件（linux引导加载模块）到TFTP根目录下
4. Prepare the PXE boot program
yum -y install syslinux //PXE引导程序由软件包 syslinux 提供
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot //复制 PXE引导程序 到TFTP根
5. Install FTP service, prepare CentOS 7 installation source
yum -y install vsftpd //安装vsftpd服务
mkdir /var/ftp/centos7 //在ftp根目录下创建目录centos7
cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7/ //将镜像文件强制复制到centos7目录中，可加&让它自己后台运行
或者 mount /dev/sr0 /var/ftp/centos7 //或者直接将光盘文件挂载在目录下使用
systemctl start vsftpd //开启vsftpd服务
systemctl enable vsftpd //开启vsftpd服务开机自启
6. Configure the boot menu file
The default boot menu file is in the pxelinux.cfg subdirectory of the TFTP root directory, and the file name is default
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default auto //指定默认入口名称
prompt 1 //设置是否等待用户选择，“1”表示等待用户控
label auto //图形安装（默认）引导入口，label 用来定义启动项
kernel vmlinuz //kernel 和 append用来定义引导参数
append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.71.20/centos7
label linux text //文本安装引导入口
kernel vmlinuz
append text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.71.20/centos7
label linux rescue //救援模式引导入口
kernel vmlinuz
append rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.71.20/centos7
systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭系统防火墙
setenforce 0 //关闭系统安全机制
Note: Use the virtual machine created by VMware to test, the virtual machine memory needs to be at least 2GB, otherwise an error may be reported when the installation is started
Turn on the virtual machine, press Enter directly after the prompt string "boot:" (or execute the "auto" command), the installation file will be automatically downloaded through the network, and enter the default graphical installation entry; if you execute the "linux text" command , Enter the text installation entrance; if you execute the "linux rescue" command, enter the rescue mode.
2. Realize Kickstart unattended installation (using desktop environment)
1. Prepare to install the answer file
yum install -y system-config-kickstart //安装system-config-kickstart 工具2. Open the "Kickstart Configuration Program" window
通过桌面菜单“应用程序”-->“系统工具”-->“Kickstart” 打开
或
执行 “system-config-kickstart” 命令打开3. Configure kickstart options
3.1 Basic configuration
The default language is set to "Chinese (Simplified)" and the
time zone is set to "Asia/Shanghai".
Set the root password. In the
advanced configuration, check "Restart after installation"
==3.2 Installation method==
Choose FTP
FTP server
: ftp://192.168.80.10 FTP directory: centos7
==3.3. Boot loader option==
"Installation type": install a new boot loader
"install option": install the boot loader in the master boot record (MBR)
3.4. Partition information
Master Boot Record: Clear Master Boot Record
Partition: Delete all existing partitions
Disk Label: Initialize Disk Label
Layout: Add Partition
Mount Point: /boot, File System Type: xfs, Fixed Size: 500M
File System Type: swap, Fixed Size: 4096M
mount point: /, file system type: xfs, use all unused space on the disk
3.5. Network configuration:
Add network device "ens33"
network type is set to "DHCP"
3.6. Firewall configuration:
Disable SELinux, disable firewall
3.7. Post-installation script:
Check "Use interpreter": /bin/bash
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
echo '[local]
name=local
baseurl=ftp://192.168.80.10/centos7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0' > /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
==3.8. Save auto answer file==
Select the "File" -> "Save" command in the "Kickstart Configuration Program" window and select the specified save location. The file name is ks.cfg and
is saved in /root/ks.cfg by default (other directories can be selected)
4. Configure the software packages that need to be installed
You can copy the package installation script of /root/anaconda-ks.cfg to the ks.cfg file according
to your needs , just copy the %packages to the %end part.
If you require minimal installation, you can copy the following:
vim ks.cfg
%packages
@^minimal
%end
5. Copy /root/ks.cfg to the /var/ftp directory
The boot boot reads the content in /var/ftp, not /root. /root is only the temporarily saved counterpart, so copy it directly and add the content copied in /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
cp /root/ks.cfg /var/ftp/ks.cfg
vim /var/ftp/ks.cfg
6. Edit the boot menu file default and add ks boot parameters
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default auto
prompt 0 //设置是否等待用户选择，“0”表示不等待用户控制
label auto
kernel vmlinuz //kernel 和 append用来定义引导参数
append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.71.20/centos7 ks=ftp://192.168.71.20/ks.cfg //添加 ks 引导参数以指定 ks.cfg 应答文件的 URL 路径
When the client computer boots in PXE mode every time, it will automatically download the ks.cfg response configuration file, and then install the CentOS 7 system according to the settings in it, without manual selection
7. Create a new virtual machine to verify the results
Each option will be automatically selected and at the end just manually accept the verification terms.
