With the rapid development of the Internet, the rise of a variety of computer languages, linux system also will be more fire, because linux system is open source, open source means free, so more and more people are using linux system, then, linux The system from which to learn it? The following small circle jerk ape to elaborate on it.
1, the selection system
Linux distributions can be divided into two categories, one is a commercial company maintenance releases, one is maintained by community organizations release, the former famous Redhat (RHEL) as the representative, the latter represented by Debian.
If you need a more stable server system only, then the best option is to CentOS, and after the installation is complete, through a simple configuration can provide a very stable service. But for cloud environments, unbuntu may be true, hadoop first is the development of on ubuntu.
2, architecture
Understand the architecture, we can have a good sense of direction. Linux has formed the basic operating system kernel and user configuration with two modes, the core, the shell and file system, Linux kernel into the following sections: the memory management, process management, device drivers, file system and network management.
3, Linux kernel
Learn linux kernel, you can make full use of resources, there is a sense of purpose at the time of system tuning.
Linux the memory is divided into easy to handle "Memory Page", provides an abstract of 4KB buffers, such as slab allocator. The actual process is an entity run a particular application, process scheduler, process control access to the CPU. Linux in inter-process communication mechanisms common signals, pipes, shared memory, semaphores, and sockets and so on. The kernel provides an API through the SCI to create a new process (fork, exec, or POSⅨ), stop the process (kill, exit), and communication and synchronization (signal or POSⅨ mechanism) between them.
Linux operating system will be independent of the file system combined into a hierarchical tree structure, and the file system is represented by a separate entity. Because Linux supports many different file systems, and organize them into a single virtual file system device driver provides complete interaction between the abstract interface and operating system operating system understandable one group and related to specific hardware details of the operation performed by the device driver. Linux kernel network part consists BSD sockets, network protocol and network device drivers. Network device driver is responsible for hardware and communications equipment, every possible hardware device has the appropriate device driver.
4, linux file system
Linux system can support a variety of popular file system, recommended EXT4.
The following Linux file types are:
1) ordinary file into a plain text and binary.
2) local directory file, the file is stored.
3) linked file to a file with a file or directory.
4) the device file is divided into blocks and character devices.
5) pipeline file, providing inter-process communication
6) socket file, network communications and related
Linux uses the standard directory structure, the installation program has created a complete file system and fixed the composition in the form of user directory and specify the role of each directory and in which file types.
the system shell user interface provides the user with an interface that kernel interaction. It receives a command input by a user and put it into the kernel to perform, is a command interpreter. There are many types of shell recommended here BASH. BASH is the GNU BourneAgainShell, is the default on the GNU operating system shell, most of the linux distributions are used in this shell.
5, Linux applications
Standard Linux system generally has a set of applications has called an assembly, which includes a text editor, programming languages, XWindow, Internet tools and databases.
For the purposes of a text editor, Emacs, and vim is different, even as through plug-ins with the IDE.
These are the small apes circle for entry-learning Detailed linux system, linux system we feel difficult? After learn linux system, it is estimated that you do not want to use the windows system, after the habit of using linux system will feel very smoothly, we hope to learn popular system, will soon be able to reach this realm, come on!
Reproduced in: https: //juejin.im/post/5d034476e51d4556da53d0a7