WPF Getting Started tutorial series five --Window introduce WPF introductory tutorial series introduces five --Window

WPF Getting Started tutorial series introduces five --Window

 

First, the basic concept of the form class

For WPF applications in Visual Studio and Expression Blend, custom forms are inherited System.Windows.Window class. Users interact through the window and the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) standalone applications. The main purpose is to carry the window to visualize the data and the user can interact with the content data. Independent WPF application uses the Window class to provide their own window. In WPF, XAML markup or code may be used to achieve the appearance and behavior of the window. We also defined here by the form of these two parts:

1, XAML file, there is usually something to write all the UI, including the appearance of windows, controls, and so on.   

 

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.WindowThd"

        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

        Title="WindowThd" Height="300" Width="400">

    <Grid>

 

        <StackPanel>

            <Label x: Name = "lblHello"> WPF welcome you to the world </ Label>!

            <Button Name = "btnThd" Click = "btnThd_Click"> multi-thread synchronization test </ Button>

            <Button Name="btnAppBeginInvoke" Click="btnAppBeginInvoke_Click" >BeginInvoke 异步调用</Button>

        </StackPanel>

    </Grid>

 

</Window>

 

 

 

2, various acts window interface, the decision by the code-behind file.

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Windows.Threading;

 

namespace WpfApp1

{

    /// <summary>

    /// WindowThd.xaml interaction logic

    /// </summary>

    public partial class WindowThd : Window

    {

        public WindowThd()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

      

      

    }

 

    private void ModifyUI()

    {

          // simulate some work in progress

        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

        //lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatcher";

        this.Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, (ThreadStart)delegate()

        {

            lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatche synchronization method !!";

        });

    }

 

    private void btnThd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        Thread thread = new Thread(ModifyUI);

        thread.Start();

    }

 

    private void btnAppBeginInvoke_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

               new Thread(() =>

        {

            Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal,

                new Action(() =>

                {

                    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

                    this.lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatche asynchronous method !!" + DateTime.Now.ToString ();

                }));

        }).Start();

    }

 

    }

}

 

Second, the form of the life cycle

And all classes, there are window survival, survival in the first instance of the window period began, and then you can display, activate and deactivate the window, until finally close the window.

1, display the form

• Constructor 
• Show (), ShowDialog () Method: Show () method to display a non-modal windows, which means that applications running mode allows the user to activate the same application in other windows. The ShowDialog () method to display modal window, basic and the like WinForm 
• When initializing the window is raised SourceInitialized events and displays the window.

2, the form of activation

 

      When you first open a window, it becomes the active window (unless the display is set to false in the case ShowActivated). It is currently active window capture user input (eg, keystrokes and mouse clicks) window. When the window becomes the active window, it raises Activated event.

 

      When you first open the window, only after the Activated event triggered, it will lead to Loaded and ContentRendered events. Keep this in mind when raising ContentRendered, it can be considered window is open. 

 

      After the window becomes the active window, the user can activate another window in the same application, you can also activate other applications. When this happens, the currently active window will be disabled, and triggered Deactivated event. Similarly, when the user selects to disable the current window, the window becomes the active window again and trigger Activated. 

 

3, close the form

When the user closes the window, the window's life began to come to an end.

• Close () method: Close the form, and the form of the release of resources 
• Closing the event, Closed event: when closed, caused the shutdown event, usually indicates whether the user exits and other information in the Closing event. 

4, the form life cycle. As shown below.

 

In order to confirm the above conclusion, we tested with the following code:

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Windows.Threading;

 

namespace WpfApp1

{

    /// <summary>

    /// WindowThd.xaml interaction logic

    /// </summary>

    public partial class WindowThd : Window

    {

        public WindowThd()

        {

 

            this.Activated += WindowThd_Activated;

            this.Closing += WindowThd_Closing;

            this.ContentRendered += WindowThd_ContentRendered;

            this.Deactivated += WindowThd_Deactivated;

            this.Loaded += WindowThd_Loaded;

            this.Closed += WindowThd_Closed;

            this.Unloaded += WindowThd_Unloaded;

            this.SourceInitialized += WindowThd_SourceInitialized;

 

 

            InitializeComponent();

      

      

    }

 

        void WindowThd_SourceInitialized(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

              Console.WriteLine( "1---SourceInitialized！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Unloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Unloaded！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Closed(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("_Closed！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

             Console.WriteLine( "3---Loaded！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Deactivated(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Deactivated！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_ContentRendered(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("ContentRendered！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("---Closing！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("2---Activated！");

        }

 

    private void ModifyUI()

    {

           // simulate some work in progress

        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

        //lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatcher";

        this.Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, (ThreadStart)delegate()

        {

            lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatche synchronization method !!";

        });

    }

 

    private void btnThd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        Thread thread = new Thread(ModifyUI);

        thread.Start();

    }

 

    private void btnAppBeginInvoke_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        new Thread(() =>

        {

            Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal,

                new Action(() =>

                {

                    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

                    this.lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatche asynchronous method !!" + DateTime.Now.ToString ();

                }));

        }).Start();

    }

 

    }

}

 

Open the form of execution sequence of events is: as shown below.

 

 

Third, the order of execution window closing events: shown below.

 

 

 

Detailed property WPF form, methods, events, please refer to MSDN, there are a lot of properties, methods, events, and Windows applications System.Windows.Forms.Form class is quite similar. 

First, the basic concept of the form class

对于WPF应用程序,在Visual Studio和Expression Blend中，自定义的窗体均继承System.Windows.Window类。用户通过窗口与 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 独立应用程序进行交互。 窗口的主要用途是承载可视化数据并使用户可以与数据进行交互的内容。独立 WPF 应用程序使用 Window 类来提供它们自己的窗口。在 WPF 中，可以使用代码或 XAML 标记来实现窗口的外观和行为。我们这里定义的窗体也由这两部分组成：

1、 XAML文件，在这里面通常全部写UI的东西，包括窗口的外观，控件等。   

 

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.WindowThd"

        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

        Title="WindowThd" Height="300" Width="400">

    <Grid>

 

        <StackPanel>

            <Label x:Name="lblHello">欢迎你光临WPF的世界!</Label>

            <Button Name="btnThd" Click="btnThd_Click" >多线程同步测试</Button>

            <Button Name="btnAppBeginInvoke" Click="btnAppBeginInvoke_Click" >BeginInvoke 异步调用</Button>

        </StackPanel>

    </Grid>

 

</Window>

 

 

 

2、窗口界面中的各种行为，则由后台代码文件决定。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Windows.Threading;

 

namespace WpfApp1

{

    /// <summary>

    /// WindowThd.xaml 的交互逻辑

    /// </summary>

    public partial class WindowThd : Window

    {

        public WindowThd()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

      

      

    }

 

    private void ModifyUI()

    {

          // 模拟一些工作正在进行

        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

        //lblHello.Content = "欢迎你光临WPF的世界,Dispatcher";

        this.Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, (ThreadStart)delegate()

        {

            lblHello.Content = "欢迎你光临WPF的世界,Dispatche  同步方法 ！！";

        });

    }

 

    private void btnThd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        Thread thread = new Thread(ModifyUI);

        thread.Start();

    }

 

    private void btnAppBeginInvoke_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

               new Thread(() =>

        {

            Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal,

                new Action(() =>

                {

                    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

                    this.lblHello.Content = "欢迎你光临WPF的世界,Dispatche 异步方法！！"+ DateTime.Now.ToString();

                }));

        }).Start();

    }

 

    }

}

 

二、窗体的生命周期

和所有类一样，窗口也有生存期，在第一次实例化窗口时生存期开始，然后就可以显示、激活和停用窗口，直到最终关闭窗口。

1、显示窗体

• 构造函数 
• Show()、ShowDialog()方法：Show()方法显示非模态窗口，这意味着应用程序所运行的模式允许用户在同一个应用程序中激活其他窗口。ShowDialog()方法显示模态窗口，这个基本和WinForm类似 
• 当初始化窗口时，将引发 SourceInitialized 事件并显示窗口。

2、窗体的激活

 

      在首次打开一个窗口时，它便成为活动窗口（除非是在 ShowActivated 设置为 false 的情况下显示）。 活动窗口是当前正在捕获用户输入（例如，键击和鼠标单击）的窗口。 当窗口变为活动窗口时，它会引发 Activated 事件。

 

      当第一次打开窗口时，只有在引发了 Activated 事件之后，才会引发 Loaded 和 ContentRendered 事件。 记住这一点，在引发 ContentRendered 时，便可认为窗口已打开。 

 

      窗口变为活动窗口之后，用户可以在同一个应用程序中激活其他窗口，还可以激活其他应用程序。 当这种情况出现时，当前的活动窗口将停用，并引发 Deactivated 事件。 同样，当用户选择当前停用的窗口时，该窗口会再次变成活动窗口并引发 Activated。 

 

3、关闭窗体

当用户关闭窗口时，窗口的生命便开始走向终结。

• Close()方法：关闭窗体，并释放窗体的资源 
• Closing事件、Closed事件：关闭时、关闭后引发的事件，通常在Closing事件中提示用户是否退出等信息。 

4、窗体的生命周期。如下图。

 

为了证实上面的结论，我们用下面的代码进行测试：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using System.Windows.Threading;

 

namespace WpfApp1

{

    /// <summary>

    /// WindowThd.xaml 的交互逻辑

    /// </summary>

    public partial class WindowThd : Window

    {

        public WindowThd()

        {

 

            this.Activated += WindowThd_Activated;

            this.Closing += WindowThd_Closing;

            this.ContentRendered += WindowThd_ContentRendered;

            this.Deactivated += WindowThd_Deactivated;

            this.Loaded += WindowThd_Loaded;

            this.Closed += WindowThd_Closed;

            this.Unloaded += WindowThd_Unloaded;

            this.SourceInitialized += WindowThd_SourceInitialized;

 

 

            InitializeComponent();

      

      

    }

 

        void WindowThd_SourceInitialized(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

              Console.WriteLine( "1---SourceInitialized！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Unloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Unloaded！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Closed(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("_Closed！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

        {

             Console.WriteLine( "3---Loaded！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Deactivated(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("Deactivated！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_ContentRendered(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("ContentRendered！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("---Closing！");

        }

 

        void WindowThd_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("2---Activated！");

        }

 

    private void ModifyUI()

    {

           // 模拟一些工作正在进行

        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

        //lblHello.Content = "欢迎你光临WPF的世界,Dispatcher";

        this.Dispatcher.Invoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, (ThreadStart)delegate()

        {

            lblHello.Content = "欢迎你光临WPF的世界,Dispatche  同步方法 ！！";

        });

    }

 

    private void btnThd_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        Thread thread = new Thread(ModifyUI);

        thread.Start();

    }

 

    private void btnAppBeginInvoke_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        new Thread(() =>

        {

            Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal,

                new Action(() =>

                {

                    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));

                    this.lblHello.Content = "You are welcome to visit the WPF world, Dispatche asynchronous method !!" + DateTime.Now.ToString ();

                }));

        }).Start();

    }

 

    }

}

 

Open the form of execution sequence of events is: as shown below.

 

 

Third, the order of execution window closing events: shown below.

 

 

 

Detailed property WPF form, methods, events, please refer to MSDN, there are a lot of properties, methods, events, and Windows applications System.Windows.Forms.Form class is quite similar.