First, network operation and maintenance basis
- Please describe the classification and scope of IPv4 addresses?
Answer:
A Class 1--127 network master + + + primary master
class B 128 -191 Mesh network master + + Major
Class C 192 -223 Mesh Mesh Mesh main
Class D 224 - 239 Multicast (multicast)
E class 240--254 Research - The production of twisted pair, T568b, T568a line order are what is?
Answer:
T568B line sequence: white orange, orange, green, white, blue, white, blue, green, white brown, brown
T568a line sequence: white and green, green, orange and white, blue, white, blue, orange, white brown brown - On Huawei switches, routers, how to configure the IP address of the interface?
Answer:
the VLAN1 manage IP switch may be configured, each router interface can be configured IP address, the basic idea is as follows:
<the Huawei> // System View-view into the system
[ar1] interface g0 / 0/ 1 // into the interface g0 / 0/1
[ar1-GigabitEthernet0 / 0/1 ] ip address 192.168.1.254 24 // IP address with 1
[AR1-the GigabitEthernet0 / 0/1] // Use the undo activate the shutdown Interface - Huawei equipment, for example, how to implement remote management of routers, switches?
Answer:
Basic configuration:
1) to confirm the IP address (router interface, switches the VLAN1)
2) enable AAA Authentication (open AAA mode, adding user accounts, allowing telnet control) on the device
3) from the client telnet IP device after the executive management address, login - What is meant by the cloud server, what is the difference with ordinary servers, what are the advantages?
The answer:
a cloud server refers to individuals or corporate clients to provide virtual server via the Internet, in the cloud Huawei, Ali cloud and other service providers often referred to as ECS (Elastic Compute Service, elastic computing service).
Compared with ordinary servers, in terms of remote management, operating system management, network management applications such as point of view, basically the same with ordinary server. Cloud server also has the following characteristics and advantages:
Ø customers do not need physical hardware, saving hardware maintenance costs (host, network equipment, cabinets, room, etc.)
Ø Customers can demand server option, demand change / upgrade configuration, on-demand pay
change / upgrade / system server configuration recovery convenient, fast and can handle a few minutes - Set up Web servers on a single server CentOS7, the basic idea of the process or what?
Answer:
The basic process to build Web server:
1) install software packages, such as httpd (or nginx, tomcat, etc.)
2) Configure site resources (deploy Web pages)
3) open the service program, such as httpd (or nginx, tomcat, etc.)
other relevant operation:
1) If it is a website on the Internet, it is best to apply a simple and easy to remember domain name, more user-friendly access, conducive to the promotion.
2) Domestic website needs in a timely manner for the record. - I did not understand the virtual machine, the virtual machine to run architecture, which has several?
Answer:
alien architecture, native architecture. - Briefly about alien virtual machine architecture What are the characteristics?
The answer:
Ø as application software installed on the operating system, you can install multiple operating systems on this application.
such as VMware Workstation. - Briefly about native virtual machine architecture What are the characteristics?
Answer:
virtual machine software installed directly on the computer hardware.
The virtual machine itself is an operating system. - How to Open Services Manager in Windows system?
Answer:
Run services.msc. - I want to end a process on how to open the Task Manager by using commands computer use.
Answer:
Run taskmgr. - IP addresses are reserved for private enterprise LAN use, including what?
Answer:
Ø Class A ~ 10.255.255.254 10.0.0.1
Ø ~ 172.16.0.1 172.31.255.254 Class B
Ø class C 192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254 - Can I configure the IP address on the switch, configure the switch IP address is what effect?
Answer:
Yes, the role of IP switch configuration for the convenience of remote management. - Huawei switches on how to configure the management IP address?
Answer:
[the Huawei] VLANIF interface. 1
[the Huawei-Vlanif1] IP address 192.168.1.100 24
[the Huawei-Vlanif1] Use the undo the shutdown - Describe your understanding of the remote management protocol and port number?
The answer:
the Telnet - TCP port 23 [routers, switches]
SSH - TCP 22 port [Linux servers, firewalls]
RDP - TCP3389 port [Windows Server] - *** and computer viruses What is the difference?
Answer:
The computer ***, deceptive nature, can lead to disclosure of sensitive information of victim computer, control and other hazards are ***.
Computer viruses to destroy purposes, such as file deletion / trawl speed / system crash, etc., instead of steal information (and different ***). - Three service models of cloud computing refers to what?
The answer:
SaaS, Software as a Service
PaaS, Platform as a Service
IaaS, Infrastructure as a Service - Cloud Server Selection Key Note what
the answer:
billing (package monthly subscription, pay-on-demand)
specifications (CPU / memory / hard drive)
Mirror (Linux systems)
login (password)
billing (Bandwidth Press flow) - How to implement remote management of Linux cloud servers, which remote management tools you used?
Answer:
Through SSH remote management of Linux servers, commonly used SSH client software Xshell, SecureCRT, Putty and so on. - According to the server device form factors distinguish common category What?
Answer:
rack-mounted servers, tower servers, blade servers, rack-mount server. - Room equipment specifications are often units of U, you know what that means?
Answer:
the U-refers to the thickness, 1Unit = 1.75 inch = 4.445 cm. - Brief you understand cloud computing service providers?
Answer:
Abroad: Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM SCE +
China: Huawei cloud, Ali cloud, cloud Baidu, Tencent cloud - What are the main basis for routers when forwarding packets that?
Answer: The
routing table. - Type routing table records are there?
Answer:
direct routes
non-direct routes (static or dynamic routing) - How to view the routing table on Huawei's router?
The answer:
Run the display ip routing-the Table - What is the role of the gateway, usually acts as a gateway what equipment?
Answer:
Gateway connected to another network refers to a network from a "gateway"; typically a router or firewall device. - How to view the local MAC address and DNS server addresses on Windows hosts?
Answer:
execute ipconfig / all command - For employees in the enterprise PC, configure the dynamic IP address What are the benefits?
The answer:
the task of reducing the amount administrator; avoid manual configuration input error probability; chance of avoiding conflict. - When Windows host fails to obtain an IP DHCP, what enabled by default an alternate configuration address range?
Answer:
169.254.0.1-169.255.254. - On Windows systems, how fast task switching window?
Answer:
shortcut keys Win + Tab, or Alt + TAB.
Second, the network management system
- How to publish a shared directory on a Windows host, how to access the shared directories?
Answer:
publish action shared directory:
1) environment settings, you need to enable network discovery, file and printer sharing enabled, or turn off the firewall to allow access SMB shares
2) Right-click the need to share directories, add a new share, set the share name, adjust the NTFS permissions and share permissions to
access the shared directory operations:
Win + R to bring up the "run", enter the address of the shared resources, such as \ server address \ share name \, to access appropriate resources. - What is DNS, what is the main role?
The answer:
the DNS namely Domain Name System, the domain name system.
Main functions: the large number of Internet servers, their IP address is inconvenient for users to remember, the DNS server can provide the client "domain name <-> IP address" address resolution services, allowing users to experience more comfort. - RAID arrays refers to what is common array level what, what their characteristics are?
Answer:
the RAID i.e. Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives, inexpensive redundant disk array, means the use of multiple disks to form with a higher I / O performance, and other characteristics of the logical disk backup hardware technology.
Common RAID level and the following characteristics:
RAID0: strip mode, at least two disks, concurrent read and write efficiency by
RAID1: mirror mode, at least two disks, the disk device to improve the reliability by mirroring
RAID10: strip mirror mode + corresponds RAID1 + RAID0, at least four disks, read efficiency and reliability are higher
RAID5: cost-effective mode, at least three disks, a disk capacity for storing verification data recovery
RAID6: extended Edition equivalent of a RAID5, at least four disks, two disk capacity is used to store parity data recovery - Linux directory structure is kind of how, you know briefly directory and use Linux?
The answer:
Linux system does not have C:, D: these discs, all documentation resources are organized directory structure "/" root beginning in.
Several common directory and uses are as follows:
/: root directory of the entire Linux file system
/ boot: storage system kernel, such as boot menu configuration file
/ home: ordinary store the user's default home directory (subdirectory of the same name)
/ root: Administrator home directory / bin, / sbin: storage system commands, executable program
/ dev: device file to store all kinds of
/ etc: storage of various system configuration, system service configuration file
/ proc: memory mapped files to store operational data - How to Access Linux system documentation is regulated?
Answer:
Access Linux documentation mainly consists of ownership relations, joint decision rights category - will be the visitors into the owner (u), has a group (g), others (o) three attribution, authority is divided into reading ( r), write (w), execute (x) three categories.
When the need to modify the attribution of the document, use the chown command, such as:
chown -R owner: is a set of documents ...
chown -R owner of the document ...
chown -R: is a set of documents ...
need to modify the document permissions tag, using the chmod command, for example:
chmod -R & lt ugoa + - = rwx document - If you have a CentOS7 or RHEL7 server, how to configure the IP address parameters for this server?
Answer:
You can use nmcli tool to configure the parameters of the network connection, such as:
nmcli the Modify Connection "connection name" ipv4.method manual ipv4.address "IP address / mask length" ipv4.gateway "default gateway address" ipv4.dns yes DNS server address connection.autoconnect
nmcli up connection "connection name"
If you had not set any connection to the network card, need to first add a good network connection, such as:
nmcli CON-name the Add connection "connection name" ifname "Interface name" type ethernet - Computer file system refers to what?
Answer:
File System: Method file that is organized on an external storage device - Windows host common file system What?
The answer:
Windows common file system: FAT, NTFS - NTFS file system What are the advantages?
The answer:
improve disk access performance
reliability (encryption, access control lists)
high disk utilization (compression, disk quotas) - Windows for Workgroups refers to what is the default workgroup name?
Answer:
The Working Group is an operating environment of the computer, on an equal footing between the host workgroup environment, management is decentralized, there is no centralized management.
The default workgroup name for the workgroup. - Virtual Web hosting refers to what it is, which has several implementations?
Answer:
multiple Web sites running on the server is called a virtual host
implementation of the virtual host:
use a different IP address
the same IP address, different port number for
the same IP address and port number, different host name - How to modify DNS server addresses in the Linux system by VIM editor?
The answer:
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver address of the DNS server - VIM text editor has several operating modes and how to switch?
Answer:
Start VIM text editor first enter command mode == "press i to enter input mode ==" Press Esc to return to command mode == "press: to enter the last line mode. - Brief operation method using the tar command to make compressed package?
The answer:
tar -zcPf backup file .tar.gz file path (-z: gzip calls for archiving tool performs compression / decompression processing)
tar -jcPf backup file .tar.bz2 file paths (-j: call bzip2 compression tool for the implementation of archiving / decompression processing)
tar -JcPf backup file .tar.xz document path (-J: call xz tool for archiving performs compression / decompression processing) - How to quickly open the local user and group management on Windows systems?
Answer:
Run "lusrmgr.msc" - Which system has the built-in Windows user?
The answer:
Administrator: Administrator
Guest: Guest (disabled by default), with anonymous access and other occasions - Which group of users in the Windows system belongs to the newly created default?
Answer:
In the Windows system by default automatically added to users when creating a user group. - NTFS special permissions which mainly refers to several rights?
Answer:
Read Permissions: Allow Read Access Control List
Change Permissions: Allows you to change the access control list
to take ownership of: You can become the owner - How to create a hidden share and access the hidden share in Windows system?
Answer:
When you create a share after the share name with a $ to create a hidden share.
Access a hidden share \ server IP address \ share name $. - How to quickly open Disk Management in Windows system?
The answer:
Win + R run, execute "diskmgmt.msc". - Use dynamic disks on the host Windwos What are the benefits?
The answer:
a highly scalable, high literacy, high reliability. - What is the FTP protocol, what is the default service port number is?
The answer:
the FTP file transfer protocol to upload and download files; FTP default port number is 21. - FTP server used to build common software What?
The answer:
FileZilla Server, free, FTP open source, cross-platform solutions.
Serv-U, a powerful commercial version of FTP service software.
vsftpd, Linux server comes with the free, open-source FTP service software. - Used to access the FTP client software resources What?
The answer:
FileZilla Client, FlashFXP, LeapFTP, CuteFTP, ...... and so on. - What website default home page file is usually?
Answer:
Most of the site as the home page index.html. - What configure forwarders on the DNS server role?
Answer:
When a client requests a query address record jurisdiction of non-native, transferred to other DNS servers handle specified. - In Windows host how to parse the command line to test DNS?
Answer:
Enter the nslookup domain name. - How to create a user account on a Linux server, and set the password?
The answer:
useradd username
passwd username // When prompted, enter the password twice to be set - What is the default port number for http and
answer:
http Hypertext Transfer Protocol;
the default port number is 80. - How to disable the Linux system is connected with the activation CentOS7 a network
Answer:
Disable the specified connection:
nmcli Down CON "Connection name"
and activate connection:
nmcli up CON "connection name"