All inertial coordinate system satisfy the same physical laws, between them are equal, which is not special. Movement between them is relative.
Inertial system can be simply understood as a coasting coordinate system
Acceleration-based non-inertial frame of reference
No acceleration inertial frame of reference is
Physically, we often say "inertial system", "non-inertial" and so, that is the frame of reference rather than coordinate system.
With the configuration of space-time is important because it ensures that at different time points, due to the object follow the same laws of physics, such results may be replicated. For those in space and time having the same configuration coordinate system is called "inertial coordinate system."
Hello, Galilean inertial system is the product of the principle of relativity. Problem originated in an enclosed cabin, mechanical testing can not distinguish the boat is in uniform motion or stationary state, mechanics experiments on board the conclusions of the ship is in uniform motion or at rest has nothing to do, Galileo asserted that it can not distinguish, so different the speed is uniform motion or stationary objects on the mechanical properties of the same, i.e., they are essentially the same in the mechanical properties. Galileo gave them (uniform motion or stationary objects) took a common name inertial system inertia that is the same, the same meaning, which leads to the Galilean relativity principle: mechanical laws remain the same in any inertial system . In fact, significant discoveries in physics is this sentence to narrow broad expansion of the route is to specialization, to limit technology. Galileo mathematics quite amazing, Galileo relativity principle to translate into mathematical language is the Galilean transformation, which is a classic sign of absolute space-time events, has been used to find Einstein's theory of relativity. For example, inertial system are: at any speed constant speed boats, cars, and other stationary ground.