"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

https://www.toutiao.com/a6703105195305337356/

 

 2019-06-16 20:42:51

Lead:

At the beginning of 2019 we made a special subject, systematically combing several cities, especially industrial town development context. Among these, contains the broad interest, is regarded as excellent choice for the industry Zhengdong New District.


Planning and construction of industrial town, the "land, capital, industry" project is to build the core of three feet . Tianjin Binhai New Area, one-sided emphasis on land and capital in the process, ignoring the natural law of industrial development should, hormone-like reminders long to make the region a considerable period of time was excessive expectations stays out of indigestion, "ghost town" finale A prophecy.

I sigh, there are many winners, such as Chung Dong New Area.

At the beginning of 2001, Chung Dong New Area Plan, due to the use of the Japanese urban planning experts Kurokawa program , so the design is often considered exotic utopian reflect that now overlooks the entire region, and can clearly see the new district great contrast in the old city on the urban landscape. This filling the futuristic planning great degree of recognition, a source from the Japanese city of metabolism theory, promote organic growth of cities, and urban organic architecture should coexist, so that Chung Dong New Area shape when we will see from the air overlooking The cell arrangement.

But even Zhengdong bold practice created a distinctive style image of the city, but we have always believed, as relying on "people" exist only emphasizes the city if the city's image in the planning, in the actual development process may not be able to be as ideal I think there are real basis to help "urban organic growth". Shakespeare said, "That city people"! Fully consider the long-term needs of people and to create conditions to design appropriate space policy and planning in response is more important part.

Figure 1: Kurokawa time after the completion of the program and contrast

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

起初郑东新区远景规划范围150平方公里(其中启动区33平方公里),包含六大功能组团。至2007年底,新区总体开发建筑面积40平方公里,入住人口近15万。十年后新区规划面积已扩容超过370平方公里,建成面积140平方公里,常住人口达到惊人的140万,人口密度超过1万人/平方公里,相比上海浦东中心城区近7000人/平方公里而言,郑东新区短短20年的发展绝对称得上“耀眼”。

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

多数人认为郑州的发展得益于拥有米字型的广域快速铁路路网,这当然是不可忽视的重要基础,但郑东新区的跃升却并非仅限于此,规划定位接地气、区位成熟度高、抓住了产业扩张契机等因素均成为高效助力。

一、定位接地气

郑东新区能令市场“津津乐道”很大程度上归功于区域定位的准确。

“国务院批复的《中原经济区规划(2012~2020年)》提出,要加快推进郑东新区金融集聚核心功能区建设,积极开展国际结算业务,推动国内外金融机构、后台服务中心、金融外包服务企业进驻。”

“商贸城市、会展城市、物流城市”都曾是郑州广为熟知的标签,这是由长期积累的交通优势形成的城市定位。而在多年的招商引资工作中,郑东新区却一直以“金融城”的形象示人,但此定位与天津滨海商务区的“北方经济中心”、“北方金融中心”有本质区别。新区的定位更接地气也更实际,综合为:

“国家区域金融中心、金融服务改革创新试验区、区域性要素市场交易中心、全国重要金融后台服务中心、国际商品期货定价中心”。

基于城市原有的商贸物流产业中心地位,总部经济体相继落地,区域及后台金融中心的定位已陆续得以实现。

另一方面,郑州自上世纪90年代开始的商业蓬勃发展促使中心城区人口快速聚集,刺激了以城市中心为核心的“摊大饼”式发展。随着中心城区人口密度及相应的交通压力剧增,产业发展空间受限、人居环境恶化等问题凸显,城市版图势必向外扩张,这也是城市逐步形成组团化发展格局的内因之一。

郑州的交通格局基本决定了城市拓展的方向。早期沿铁路网发展的格局在各高等级公路建设的引导下,开始向北部尤其是东部延伸,城市整体发展方向与交通十字拓展的方向的基本一致。

二、区位条件成熟度高

郑东新区与主城区紧密相连,具有空间临近优势。在开发时序上,这种优势带来的建设条件天然比远区域开发更为便利,侧面印证郑东CBD的发展相较其它规划新区更为成熟,这就与天津滨海的凭空造城区分开来。

郑东的兴起并非仅仅建立在内生发展的产业基础上,而是更多承担了老城溢出的城市资源,意外地实现了跨越式的发展,尤其省内各金融机构、大专院校及行政机关的外迁指令,又加速了“倾倒式”的社会资源导入速度。人口及资本要素短时间内快速聚拢,进一步缩小新区发展与规划定位实现间的差距。同时,区域内部各业态相互依存性较高,空间叠加效应明显,CBD核心区、综合交通枢纽组团、龙子湖高校组团的配套服务相应起势,成为经济最活跃、发展潜力最大的三个片区。

图2-3:图2为郑东新区在郑州、在河南省的区位,图3为2017年修订的城市总体规划中郑东新区的内部功能布局

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

三、新区内外部各产业功能之间互助互联互有提升

2017年修订的郑州城市总体规划中,城市布局结构为“一主一城三区四组团”:

郑州航空港经济综合实验区为一城,三区依次为东部新城区、西部及南部新城,四组团则是登封、巩义、新郑及新密4个外围组团。

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

规划中,计划至2020年市域总人口将达到1245万人。目前全市1025万总人口中,航空港新区占到中心五城区610万人口的20%以上,区域地位显赫。2011年港区强势引入富士康被认为是郑州产业发展的“拐点”,由此吸引众多产业集群落地,规模效应明显。据报道,全世界每七部手机即有一部产自郑州,城市在电子信息工业领域有了质的飞跃,大企业带动的外部效应巨大。到2016年七大主导产业增加值已占工业增加值七成以上,其中战略新兴产业远超高耗能产业,占工业增加值50%以上。

图4:郑东新区、经开区以及航空港试验区的产业增加值对比图

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

在此呼应下,郑东新区、经济开发区、港区互为支撑,形成强劲的城市发展轴,三区域GDP占全市总比重在2010年后不断攀高,已达到19.4%的份额。强大的产业结构基础也成为了夯实郑东新区CBD定位发展及“推高”区域价值包括房价的重要因素。

图5:主城以东的产业发展轴

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

先进产业的繁荣,各类交通线的贯通,产业基础的丰富,再加上前文所述的老城优质资源东移,都令到郑东在过去的近10年间按下了发展的快进键。

结论

如今郑东人口的很大一部分来源于老城及周边地市的迁移,优越的教育配套、完备的城市功能、合理的区位优势、便捷的内外部交通等因素合力促成了地区房价大步领跑于主城其它五区。

图6:2011年及2016年各区人口变化对比图

 

"Ghost Town" Butterfly Zhengzhou Zhengdong New District in mind, the rise of the middle help

 

但仅仅是郑州市内的这种迁移并不能带来增量(即使房价提高了),经济是否得到了发展还是要看实际经济是否有增量,这势必需要大量的外来人才导入才能支撑。过去5年间郑州全市每年吸引国内外各类人才约18万,绝大多数被郑东、经开及港区消化。再从河南全省近5年人口流动趋势看,劳动力省内转移的占比持续提高,至2016年累计已近六成,郑州无疑是最具吸引力的城市。在这其中新区着力发展的金融、总部经济等现代服务业吸引了大量的省内高端人才,经开与港区的汽车装备制造与电子信息产业又吸引了省内大量的富余劳动力,这一条经济轴俨然成为郑州最具竞争力的人才流入区。

孚园产业中心认为,产业间的相互支持、恰当的区域定位与无缝承接老城外溢的需求,郑东新区看起来前程似锦,但仍有三方面隐忧可能成为未来的掣肘:

首先,依托省内广泛的劳动力转移确实可迅速壮大东部城区,但过于依赖单一行业或行业个别环节,极有可能导致在经济周期中抗风险能力脆弱,以港区富士康为例,作为苹果系列产品的主要生产基地之一,当苹果公司营收下滑时免不了殃及池鱼;

其二 ,郑东新区虽然整体GDP大幅抬升,但企业普遍处于行业末端环节,产业应对风险能力较弱,导致规模以上的工业增加值占工业总产值比重较小(工业总产值=工业增加值+中间投入,简单理解即工业增加值体现了经济活动中的附加值。附加值高则员工工资与福利就高,反之则低)。目前区域比值约为20%,上海则为30%以上。产业布局集中在附加值较低的环节上,企业盈利能力弱,抗风险能力不够强,容易受整体行业波动影响,而本身向高附加值产业环节的爬坡速度难且慢,经济规模及增长速度就此受到限制,对受雇者而言平均收入难以提升,高端人才引入难度加大,其可持续性发展进一步会受到压制。

Finally, Chung Dong New Area, has built only one-third of the total range of regional planning, which is part of almost entirely original in the Old City of competitive enterprises, departments advantage, talent advantage overall migration from, the remaining two-thirds in the development the ability to achieve sustained growth in the total area will need a great test of the ability to absorb external quality resources, this is a complex and long-term integrated project, is no easy task.


Tsai Ying Ying

Fu Park co-founder, more than ten years of industry consulting, advisory and implementation experience, focusing on urban development, regional updates, optimization and industrial paper business operations, emphasizing consultation and effective convergence landing, effectively extend the program to be executed, "to the end It is beginning "to provide solutions consistent in the end, to become energized by the traditional industry professional problem-solving. Fu Park is now the "Shanghai Council of Shopping Centers' governing units, deputy director of any personal" brand and management committee "members.

Fu Garden Research Institute was established in 2015, under the jurisdiction of urban development, industry research, digital marketing, brand culture four R & D centers. Center adhere to the research and development of original content, independent point of view, and brings together planning advice, planning and design, industrial development, capital operation experts and scholars in various fields, such as literature and history and economic geography, to address cross-cutting, cross-city development in the eco-system, urban renewal, problems in industrial Park, Wen Business integrated projects in the development of the product portfolio and profit model.

 

 

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Origin blog.csdn.net/weixin_42137700/article/details/92565022