First, the ontology and epistemology
Ontology: Ontology is about the nature of the world, the existence and composition, as well as assumptions relationship between components. There ontological point of view, two diametrically opposite basic doctrine (materialist) and anti-foundationalism (idealist) . First, ontological, epistemological and methodological then appeared.
- Basic doctrine: True knowledge exists in a set of fixed, no doubt, as well as among the unmistakable truth. Independent world exists in people's knowledge about it
- Anti basic doctrine: the world does not exist independently in its knowledge.
Epistemology: the human way of understanding the world, focusing on the discovery process knowledge, attention to research methods used. There are two opposing epistemological (positivist doctrine and interpretation)
Second, the research paradigm
Paradigm is ontology and epistemology of understanding and awareness, there are three research paradigms: positivism, Marxism and critical interpretation.
1, positivism
Positivist natural science as a social science model. There are important terms associated with: empiricism, objectivism, scientific methods and naturalism. They have a common principle:
- Built on the basis of the doctrine of ontological
- I believe the possibility to make causal statements
- Using scientific method analysis of human society
- Research methods and their users will not affect the existing things
- He stressed that explanation and not understanding the purpose of forecasting
- Emphasis on facts rather than value
- Aversion to metaphysics
- The pursuit of objectivity, empirical theory can play a regular relationship between social phenomena.
2, interpretivism
Interpretivism will contain many positions, such as relativism, understanding, phenomenology, hermeneutics, idealism, semiotics and constructivism.
- Based on the presence of anti-foundationalism
- The world is through human interaction, socially constructed
- Emphasis on understanding rather than explanation
- The use and research of natural science social science research in different ways
- Social phenomenon can not exist in its understanding of human
- Analysis of objectivity does not exist
- Emphasize the meaning given to the world, and the role of language in the construction of "reality" in the
3, criticism
Criticism originated in the 1970s, it positivism (Why) and interpretation of doctrine (how to) combine
- In interpretation between positivism and Marxism
- Please understand social sciences need to use a purely natural science
- Not only tried to explain, but also trying to understand human society
- Human society is not only the history of the formation, but also the human creation
- The main task is to find and change the status quo constraints transition conditions
- Participants will not only affect social reality, the impact will be affected by participating in this
- The direct cause of the startup behavior, substance reason to restrict or promote behavior
Third, the relationship between the research paradigm, methods and techniques
Paradigm has a guiding role in the choice of research methods.
Methods paradigm is linked to data collection and analysis techniques. There are two research methods: quantitative methods and qualitative research methods
Fourth, exercise
(1) What is ontology? What are the two main ontological existence.
(2) What is epistemology? Which two epistemological exist?
(3) What is a paradigm? What are the three major research paradigms exist?
(4) Description of positivist paradigm.
(5) briefly explain Paradigm.
(6) Description of criticism Paradigm.
Description of the relationship between the paradigm and Research Methods (7).
(8) Method of Research on the relationship between data collection and analysis techniques.
(9) According to the above description, choose paradigm for the study of the theme for ourselves.
Reproduced in: https: //www.jianshu.com/p/8a635998777d