CentOS installation Docker Tutorial

Others 2019-06-13 17:03:26 views: null

This paper describes the CentOS system installation process Docker's.

Prerequisites

OS requirements

CentOS7:

The centos-extras repository must be enabled. This repository is enabled by default, but if you have disabled it, you need to re-enable it. The overlay2 storage driver is recommended

Uninstall the old version

It is known as an older version of Docker dockeror docker-engine. If you have installed these, please uninstall them and related dependencies:

sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-selinux \
                  docker-engine-selinux \
                  docker-engine
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/var/lib/dockerIt holds the mirror, the container, the volume, the network directory. Official documentation of the installation docker-cepackage, only internal source docker-enginepackage, docker-ceis the latest community version of the package name.

Installation Docker CE

Use the installation source

Set the source

1. Install the dependent packages, yum tilsprovided yum-config-managerkits, device-mapper-persistent-dataand lvm2are devicemapperstored in the drive package depends.

$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
  device-mapper-persistent-data \
  lvm2
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2. Source stable following command set:

$ sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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Choose domestic Tsinghua source -Docker Community Edition mirroring Help

Installation Docker CE

1. Install the latest version of Docker CE:

$ sudo yum install docker-ce
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2. To install a specific version Docker CE, to list the available versions in the repo, and then select and install:

$ yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
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Docker after installation, docker group was created, but no user is added to this group.

3. Start Docekr:

$ sudo systemctl start docker
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4 can be run hello-worldto verify successful installation docker mirror:

sudo docker run hello-world`
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The command to download a test image, run it in a container. When the container is running, it will print a message and exit.

From the RPM package installation

If you are unable to install the source Docker Docker, you can download to your release .rpmfile and install it manually. You need to download a new file each time you want to upgrade Docker.

  1. Go download.docker.com/linux/cento... download the rpm package
  2. Installation Docker CE:$ sudo yum install /path/to/package.rpm

Upgrade Docker CE

Use the yum -y upgrade docker-ceupgrade version.

Uninstall

  1. Uninstall Docker package:$ sudo yum remove docker-ce
  2. Mirroring, container, or the volume does not automatically delete the custom configuration file on the host. To delete these files, you can run the following command:$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker

You must manually delete any edited configuration file

important point

  1. If a non-root user wants to use Docker, you should add the user to docker groups:sudo usermod -aG docker your-user
  2. After installing Docker CE, it is based on DEBwill start automatically on release. Based RPMon release, requires the use of appropriate systemctlor servicemanual commands start it

Use systemd control Docker

Use systemd control Docker

Manual start

Most Linux distributions use systemctlto start the service, if not, use servicethe command:

  • systemctl:$ sudo systemctl start docker
  • service:$ sudo service docker start

Self-priming system

If you want Docker to start at boot , see if you want to achieve open from the start docker, you can read this article Configure Docker to start on boot

systemctl list-unit-files|grep docker # 查看 Docker 服务状态
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Docker daemon configuration options

The recommended method is to use a platform-independent daemon.jsonfile, located by default /etc/docker/in. Detailed configuration items, see the official declared the Configuration File -daemon , there's a Chinese Remarks: Docker daemon (dockerd) profile daemon.json .

You can use daemon.jsonto configure almost all the daemons configuration options. The following example is configured with two options. You can not use the daemon.jsonmechanism of a configuration option HTTP proxy.

Runtime directory and storage driver

You might want by moving a mirror, container and roll to a separate partition to control disk space.

To achieve this, you can daemon.jsondo the following configuration:

{
    "data-root": "/mnt/docker-data",
    "storage-driver": "overlay"
}
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HTTP/HTTPS proxy

Docker daemon uses HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXYand NO_PROXYenvironmental variables in its boot environment to configure HTTP and HTTPS proxy. You can not use daemon.jsonto configure these environment variables files.

If you are using HTTP or HTTPS proxy server, for example, the company set up, you need to add this to Docker systemd service configuration file.

1. Create a directory for docker systemd services:

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
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2. Create a file /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf, adding HTTP_PROXYenvironment variables:

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/"
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Or, if you use the HTTPS proxy services, create a file /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/https-proxy.conf, adding HTTPS_PROXYenvironment variables:

[Service]
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/"
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3. If you have internal Docker registries service or to use domestic mirrored accelerator -daocloud.io , you need to specify NO_PROXYto them without going through proxy access environment variables:

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/" "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,docker-registry.somecorporation.com,daocloud.io"
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In this way, you visit NO_PROXYwhen the URL, the proxy will not go, the speed will be faster.

Or, if you are behind an HTTPS proxy server:

[Service]
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/" "NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,docker-registry.somecorporation.com"
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The actual configuration of a chestnut:

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/ # 先保证有这个目录
cat <<'EOF'>/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf # 这里一定要记得让内部镜像仓地址不要走代理,否则无法访问我们私有的镜像仓
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:3128/"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:3128/"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.0/8,.domain.com"
EOF
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4.Flush changes:

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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5. Restart Docker:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker
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6. Verify the configuration items have been loaded:

$ systemctl show --property=Environment docker
Environment=HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80/
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If you used HTTPS proxy:

$ systemctl show --property=Environment docker
Environment=HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443/
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Systemd unit files manually create

When you manually install Docker, if you want to use systemd management Docker, two units can be installed files serviceand socketreference MOBY / contrib / the init / systemd / , to download the file /etc/systemd/system.

Mirroring configuration uses docker warehouse

Select a: ustc mirror

Docker use the new version of /etc/docker/daemon.json（Linux）Configuration Daemon:

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}
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Option two: Docker Chinese official mirror accelerated

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}
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Docker pulling them away is mirrored default HTTPS protocol (port 443), generally have no legitimate private warehouse HTTPS certificates, by a non-security warehouse by configuring the private warehouse:

{
 "insecure-registries" : ["hub.h.com"]
}
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insecure-registries It is to address non-secure warehouse configuration.

Test results configuration:

busybox is an integrated more than one hundred of the most commonly used commands and tools linux software, but it is also a minimal Linux system, which provides the main functionality of the system, such as grep, find, mount, and telnet, etc. but does not include some of GNU-related features and options

docker pull busybox
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Docker storage drive

Linux kernel 4.0 after only supported overlay2 (Linux kernel support is called just after 3.18 overlayFS). Also make sure the server version docker is not less than 1.12, or can not support. uname -srYou can view the system kernel version.

Docker 1.12.6/v17.03Document under CentOS7 system installation, explicitly, when used in the production, must be devicemapperdriven direct-lvmmodel, we need to be ready ahead of block devices, to provide better stability and performance. Use the default devicemapperdrive loop-lvmmode, because the simple installation only applies to the test environment. From docker infowe can see the information, loop-lvmmode the maximum available space is only 107GB. Production environment must devicemapperdrive direct-lvmmode, block devices, faster and more efficient use of system resources.

In Docker v17.06later versions and, with regard to OverlayFSthe storage drive, try to use overlay2instead of overlaythe official explanation that overlaycan be used but is not recommended. Use overlay2of the Linux kernel in claim 4.0 or more, or in the kernel CentOS7 3.10.0-693above. Docker-CE v17.06 and above, using the overlay2drive, set the additional parameters needed to inhibit the detection kernel version 4.0.

#查看当前存储驱动
docker info|grep -i storage
#停止Docker
service docker stop
#清空数据，如果有啥需要的请自己备份
rm -rf /var/lib/docker/*
#修改配置文件
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
#如果没有这个文件或没有内容，就直接把下面的粘贴进去
#不然就只添加那一条
#如果不是在最后一行加请自行在末尾添加逗号
{
 "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
#如果是CentOS7或者RedHat7内核在3.10.0-693以下的，设置额外的参数：
{
 "storage-driver": "overlay2",
 "storage-opts": [
 "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
 ]
}
#当然，也可以通过给docker修改启动参数的方式来
# 1.修改/etc/init.d/docker
# 这个直接在 dockerd 后面加参数就行，不过其实和下面的差不多
# 2.修改/etc/sysconfig/docker
# 改成类似 other_args="-s overlay2"
# 3.修改/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
# 改成类似 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -s overlay2

#启动docker
service docker start
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Typically in the production of Constructing the machine, the system is generally not large disc size, will mount a large-capacity disk data, such as data directory. So, in order to avoid future Docker's root directory /var/lib/mockis too large, explode the system disk, we need to find ways to change it Docker's root directory, there are two main ways:

1. To back up /var/lib/dockerthe content, and then create a /data/dockersoft link of:ln -s /data/docker /var/lib/docker

2. Modify daemon.jsonconfiguration:

{
# before before 17.06-ce
"graph": "/data/docker",
# docker after 17.06-ce
"data-root":"/data/docker",
}
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reference

Dockuer Hub Mirror:

Storage drive:

original

The author: Michael Cheung

This link: michael728.github.io/2019/06/01/...

Reproduced in: https: //juejin.im/post/5cf341bff265da1b971a5d65

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