Selection Sort
Selection Sort (Selection sort) is a straightforward sorting algorithm. It works as follows. First, find the smallest sequence of unsorted (large) element, the starting position is stored in the sorted sequence, and then continue to find the minimum (large) element from the remaining elements of unsorted and sorted into the end of the sequence. And so on, until all the elements are sorted.
Sort follows:
void swap(int *a,int *b) //交換兩個變數
{
int temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
void selection_sort(int arr[], int len)
{
int i,j;
for (i = 0 ; i < len - 1 ; i++)
{
int min = i;//记录最小值的位置
for (j = i + 1; j < len; j++) //走訪未排序的元素
if (arr[j] < arr[min]) //找到目前最小值
min = j; //紀錄最小值
swap(&arr[min], &arr[i]); //做交換
}
}
Insertion sort
insertion sort (English: Insertion Sort) is a simple and intuitive sorting algorithm. It works by constructing an ordered sequence, for unsorted data, scanning in the sorted sequence from back to front, and find the corresponding insertion positions. In the realization of insertion sort, sort commonly used in-place (i.e., only need to use {\ displaystyle O (1)} ordering extra space {\ displaystyle O (1)}), and thus the scanning process from back to front the need to repeatedly ordered elements progressively backward
void insertion_sort(int arr[], int len){
int i,j,temp;
for (i=1;i<len;i++){
temp = arr[i];
for (j=i;j>0 && arr[j-1]>temp;j--)
arr[j] = arr[j-1];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
Hill sort
Shell sort, also known as incremental descending sorting algorithms, insertion sort is a more efficient improved version. Hill sorting non-stationary sorting algorithm.
Hill sorting improved method is proposed based on the following two points insertion sort properties:
When data insertion sort operation almost sorted, high efficiency, i.e., efficiency of the linear ordering can be achieved
, but is generally inefficient insertion sort, insertion sort because data can only be moved a
void shell_sort(int arr[], int len) {
int gap, i, j;
int temp;
for (gap = len >> 1; gap > 0; gap = gap >> 1)
for (i = gap; i < len; i++) {
temp = arr[i];
for (j = i - gap; j >= 0 && arr[j] > temp; j -= gap)
arr[j + gap] = arr[j];
arr[j + gap] = temp;
}
}
Merge sort
data is divided into two sections, individually selected from the two smallest element into the end of the new data segments.
It may be from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
Iterative method
int min(int x, int y) {
return x < y ? x : y;
}
void merge_sort(int arr[], int len) {
int* a = arr;
int* b = (int*) malloc(len * sizeof(int));
int seg, start;
for (seg = 1; seg < len; seg += seg) {
for (start = 0; start < len; start += seg + seg) {
int low = start, mid = min(start + seg, len), high = min(start + seg + seg, len);
int k = low;
int start1 = low, end1 = mid;
int start2 = mid, end2 = high;
while (start1 < end1 && start2 < end2)
b[k++] = a[start1] < a[start2] ? a[start1++] : a[start2++];
while (start1 < end1)
b[k++] = a[start1++];
while (start2 < end2)
b[k++] = a[start2++];
}
int* temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
if (a != arr) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
b[i] = a[i];
b = a;
}
free(b);
}
Recursion
void merge_sort_recursive(int arr[], int reg[], int start, int end) {
if (start >= end)
return;
int len = end - start, mid = (len >> 1) + start;
int start1 = start, end1 = mid;
int start2 = mid + 1, end2 = end;
merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start1, end1);
merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start2, end2);
int k = start;
while (start1 <= end1 && start2 <= end2)
reg[k++] = arr[start1] < arr[start2] ? arr[start1++] : arr[start2++];
while (start1 <= end1)
reg[k++] = arr[start1++];
while (start2 <= end2)
reg[k++] = arr[start2++];
for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
arr[k] = reg[k];
}
void merge_sort(int arr[], const int len) {
int reg[len];
merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, 0, len - 1);
}
Quicksort
before a selected element in a random interval as a reference, the reference is smaller than on the reference element, the reference element is placed after greater than the reference, respectively, then the sort large numbers decimal region area.
Iterative method
typedef struct _Range {
int start, end;
} Range;
Range new_Range(int s, int e) {
Range r;
r.start = s;
r.end = e;
return r;
}
void swap(int *x, int *y) {
int t = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = t;
}
void quick_sort(int arr[], const int len) {
if (len <= 0)
return; // 避免len等於負值時引發段錯誤（Segment Fault）
// r[]模擬列表,p為數量,r[p++]為push,r[--p]為pop且取得元素
Range r[len];
int p = 0;
r[p++] = new_Range(0, len - 1);
while (p) {
Range range = r[--p];
if (range.start >= range.end)
continue;
int mid = arr[(range.start + range.end) / 2]; // 選取中間點為基準點
int left = range.start, right = range.end;
do
{
while (arr[left] < mid) ++left; // 檢測基準點左側是否符合要求
while (arr[right] > mid) --right; //檢測基準點右側是否符合要求
if (left <= right)
{
swap(&arr[left],&arr[right]);
left++;right--; // 移動指針以繼續
}
} while (left <= right);
if (range.start < right) r[p++] = new_Range(range.start, right);
if (range.end > left) r[p++] = new_Range(left, range.end);
}
}
Recursion
void swap(int *x, int *y) {
int t = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = t;
}
void quick_sort_recursive(int arr[], int start, int end) {
if (start >= end)
return;
int mid = arr[end];
int left = start, right = end - 1;
while (left < right) {
while (arr[left] < mid && left < right)
left++;
while (arr[right] >= mid && left < right)
right--;
swap(&arr[left], &arr[right]);
}
if (arr[left] >= arr[end])
swap(&arr[left], &arr[end]);
else
left++;
if (left)
quick_sort_recursive(arr, start, left - 1);
quick_sort_recursive(arr, left + 1, end);
}
void quick_sort(int arr[], int len) {
quick_sort_recursive(arr, 0, len - 1);
}
Reproduced in: https: //www.jianshu.com/p/ad710ad3a915