Linux command line-based installation and KVM virtual machines with the basic use
background
Due to the production environment servers will not install a desktop environment, graphical installation simple operation is not suitable for mass deployment installation. So, I still prefer to install the KVM virtual machine configured in the command. Combines a number of status information and personal use, I generally listed some basic and common use.
Installation configuration
First, the environment Introduction
Operating System: centos6.6 kernel version: 2.6 IP Address: 172.16.57.24
Second, check the CPU
And different Xen, KVM needs the support of the CPU (Intel VT or AMD SVM), check whether the CPU before installing KVM provides support for virtual technology
egrep 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
Third, install the KVM
- Here install some virtualization components
yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer virt-v2v libguestfs-tools-c - Kvm follows for the following:
vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.confThis is mainly added to the end provided tcp connection as follows:
listen_tls = 0 listen_tcp = 1 tcp_port = "16509" listen_addr = "172.16.57.24" unix_sock_ro_perms = "0777" unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770" auth_tcp = "none" max_clients = 1024 min_workers = 100 max_workers = 200 max_requests = 20 max_client_requests = 50 vim qemu.confThis is mainly set vnc, the moment to be added by the end of the installation connected vnc-viewer
vnc_listen = 0.0.0.0 vnc_password = "bigdata" #vnc连接密码 remote_display_port_min = 5900 #vnc最小端口 remote_display_port_max = 65535 #vnc最大端口 - Kvm confirm whether the installation was successful:
/etc/init.d/libvirtd restart - Check whether to activate:
ps -ef | grep - See if kvm module load properly:
lsmod |grep kvm
Fourth, the bridge connection configuration
- Configure the bridge br0
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE=br0 TYPE=Bridge ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=172.16.57.24 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=172.16.57.1 DNS1=202.96.209.133 vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1 DEVICE=em1 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes BRIDGE=br0 NM_CONTROLLED=yes - Restart Network
/etc/init.d/network restart - View Network Connections
brctl showIf the configuration is successful, there will be the following output:
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.14187745822e no em1 vnet0 vnet1 vnet2 vnet3 vnet4 vnet5 vnet6 virbr0 8000.5254005fcc0b yes virbr0-nic - Check ip forwarding is turned on
cat /etc/sysctl.conf |grep ip_forward net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1If you do not turn on:
vim /etc/sysctl.confmodify
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 /sbin/sysctl -p
Fifth, install the virtual machine
virt-install --name=tomcat_01 --ram 8192 --vcpus=2 /
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/tomcat_01.img,size=20,format=raw,bus=virtio /
--cdrom /var/iso/CentOS-6.7-x86_64-minimal.iso --network bridge=br0,model=virtio /
--vnc --accelerate --force --autostart
Here to explain the meaning of several major parameters:
-name to the virtual machine a name
assigned -ram to the virtual machine's memory, the unit MB
-vcpus cpu number assigned to the virtual machine
-cdrom specify the full path to the installation files
-disk specified VM img file path, if a virtual machine using the lvm partitions, here point to lvm partition on the line
size VM file size, in GB
bus virtual bus type machine disk usage, in order to make the virtual machine to achieve good performance, where the use virtio
cache virtual machine disk cache type
-network bridge designated bridge card
model card mode, here is the use of better performance virtio
-graphics graphics parameters
here I installed virtual machine named tomcat_01, the next to see its vnc port:
ps aux | grep qemu | grep tomcat_01
At that time we set the minimum vnc port 5900, this refers to the 5902 port. Next, by using the windows vnc-viewer to connect 172.16.57.24:5902, and enter the password set can be installed.
Common Operations
- Host virtual machine management to manage virtual machine switches, etc., you need to install the acpid service on a virtual machine, and start it.
- Clone virtual machines generally used to make a virtual machine template, can be installed directly next to clone this template.
virt-clone --connect qemu:///system --original=tomcat_01 --name=tomcat_02 --file=//var/lib/libvirt/images/tomcat_02.img --original克隆的虚拟机对象 --name 克隆的新虚拟机名称 - Adding disks general virtual machine's disk structure plus data disk system disk when the system fails, you can rebuild a system disk, and the disk data will not be lost. Add disk operations:
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/ 进入磁盘存放目录 qemu-img create -f raw test_add.img 100G 创建一块100G的磁盘 virsh attach-disk tomcat_01 /var/lib/libvirt/images/test_add.img vdb --cache none 动态添加磁盘This method is dynamically add disks, but xml configuration file has not changed, in order to prevent the next startup disk failure added, proceed as follows:
virsh dumpxml tomcat_01 > tomcat_01.xml 将最新的虚拟机配置重定向到其配置文件中 virsh define tomcat_01.xmlIn this way, the new disk will not be lost.
- Some operations virsh command
Autostart automatically starts a domain
Create an XML file created from a domain
Define definitions from an XML file (but do not start) a domain
XML edit edit a configuration of the domain
shutdown shut down a domain
start to start a (previously defined ) inactive domain
reboot restart a domain
suspend suspend a domain resume to resume a domain
vncdisplay vnc display