[Reptile] Python3 latest reptile 12306

I, EDITORIAL

　　I wrote in a previous 12306 reptiles site, then log on to achieve the simulation and ticket inquiries, but the feeling is not enough, so the previous code to be modified, also achieved a ticket ordering function.

Second, the main idea

　　When using Selenium to do analog Login 12306 site needs to be preserved after a successful login Cookie, Cookie behind this is necessary. Then is checked on the 12306 website booking, use Fiddler software to capture, analyze get through more than a dozen requests booking required, just turn send these requests, after the request was successful we will be able to book tickets.

Third, analog Login

　　Before the code has basically realized the function of simulating a login, but not law to get the desired Cookie, so the need for improvement before the code. While Selenium module provides get_cookies () method, but using this method to get the current session of Cookie, which is open Selenium browser Cookie current page, this Cookie and Cookie local browser is different. The following is a copy of the cookies from a local Chrome, which is the field at the beginning of the query _jc_save ticket before recording, while the remaining fields are generated:

JSESSIONID=A318817EEE594DE954CE352761DF4CD7;

_jc_save_fromStation=%u6B66%u6C49%2CWHN;

_jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc;

_jc_save_toStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CAOH;

RAIL_EXPIRATION=1560095439082;

RAIL_DEVICEID=P2wunHEkKFe9MgTM56h-NxsWiIGNkK6JLCOVaG0DHzRm-RxYa7YnDwftPoumiZ0wL7GPsQ93YBHRHgMgB_GLWwZ9Vb65tNiVuwaIOytW8lVG7B1KopI4pSyUr1u06RWpKPhvExBg3FA7ed87WxO3E-68Wg-hXZLl;

_jc_save_fromDate=2019-06-30;

_jc_save_toDate=2019-06-06;

_jc_save_showIns=true;

route=495c805987d0f5c8c84b14f60212447d;

BIGipServerotn=300941834.24610.0000;

BIGipServerpool_passport=250413578.50215.0000

　　The following is a module using Selenium obtained by the method of get_cookies Cookie (), and you can see the browser's Cookie is very different, missing a lot of fields:

[{'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'JSESSIONID', 'path': '/otn', 'secure': False, 'value': '672BAF8C694C50C49D3EFFCF9913A745'},

{'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'route', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': 'c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64'},

{'domain': 'kyfw.12306.cn', 'httpOnly': False, 'name': 'BIGipServerotn', 'path': '/', 'secure': False, 'value': '1139802634.24610.0000'}]

　　The solution is to add Cookie use add_cookie () method to open in Selenium Chrome, to simulate the effect of a local browser, and ultimately will be able to log in successfully. After a successful login, this time to get the Cookie, except get_cookies () method or get_cookie () method, you can also use the following statement:

cookie = browser.execute_script("return document.cookie;")

　　However, in order to verify whether it was successful login, you need to conduct some tests to verify that follows a successful login code, which sends a request, the request contains the results of whether or not the login information (ie is_login) and username, etc. information:

 1 def get_name(self):
 2     """
 3     获取用户姓名
 4     :return:
 5     """
 6     url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/conf"
 7     res = requests.post(url, headers=self.headers)
 8     is_login = res.json()['data']['is_login']
 9     if is_login == 'Y':
10         self.name = res.json()['data']['name' ]
 . 11          Print ( " Welcome to the user: {} " .format (the self.name))
 12 is      the else :
 13 is          Print ( " unregistered Please login!. " )

Fourth, to order tickets

　　Because you've done it before querying the ticket, so not repeat them here. Here say after ticket query operations, first check more than 12306 tickets on the site, and then click to select a booking trips, it will jump to the following page:

　　On this page you can select passengers, select the type of seat, and then submit the order. Here Although we can use the Developer Tools and then refresh the page to catch bag, but in order to avoid missing out some of the requests, so I chose to use Fiddler capture software, the final analysis after practice to get 12 requests, the url and the corresponding meanings as shown below below:

　　Here I do not intend to say that all of the requests again, I will come up with several important request to describe, headers used these requests are the same, which contains the login Cookie, Cookie if it will lead to failure booking failed.

1. Initialization page

First initDc request contains a parameter necessary --token later request (see below) in the result of this request, the process of obtaining relatively simple, can be used directly to match a regular expression:

　　Page for token initialization code is as follows:

 1 # 初始化，获取token值
 2 def init_dc():
 3     global token
 4     url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
 5     data = {
 6         "_json_att": ""
 7     }
 8     res = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
 9     result = re.findall(" var globalRepeatSubmitToken = '(.*?)';", res.text)
10     # print(result)
11     if len(result):
12         token = result[0]
13     else:
14         raise Exception("Error init")

2.提交车票预订信息

　　其次是提交车票预订信息，在Fiddler中点击Inspectors，然后选择WebForms，可以看到如下图所示信息，其中包含了出发城市、目的城市、出发日期等：

　　需要注意的是secretStr这个加密字符串，其来源于查询车票时的结果，在结果中每一条车次信息中都包含了一个字符串，不过这两个字符串并不完全一样。如下图所示就是两个字符串的对比，要得到加密字符串只需要使用unquote()方法：

3.确认订单信息

　　在选择完车次、座位类型、乘客之后会生成一个订单，然后就会发送一个确认订单信息的请求，其中包含了很多重要的信息。这里我放上该部分的代码：

 1 # 确认订单信息
 2 def check_order_info(name, uid, mobile, type_id):
 3     # 商务座，一等座，二等座，软卧，硬卧，硬座
 4     type_str = ["9,0,1,", "M,0,1,", "O,0,1,", "4,0,1,", "3,0,1,", "1,0,1,"][type_id]
 5     url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo"
 6     data = {
 7         "_json_att": "",
 8         "bed_level_order_num": "000000000000000000000000000000",
 9         "cancel_flag": "2",
10         "oldPassengerStr": name + ",1," + uid + ",1_",
11         "passengerTicketStr": type_str + name + ",1," + uid + "," + mobile + ",N",
12         "REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token,
13         "randCode": "",
14         "tour_flag": "dc",
15         "whatsSelect": "1"
16     }
17     res = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
18     # print(res.text)

　　这个方法包含了四个参数，name、uid和mobile分别表示乘客的姓名、身份证号和电话号码，这三个值都是在获取乘客信息时得到的，第四个参数是座位类别id。在这个请求携带的参数中有一个REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN，这就是前面说过的token，由于我已经将token设置为了全局变量，所以这里就不用作为参数传到方法里了。要注意的是每个座位类别对应的字符是不同的，我通过在页面上选择元素得到了每个座位类型对应的字符，最后生成一个列表，然后通过改变座位类别id就能完成选择座位类别的功能。

4.提交预订请求

　　在确认订单之后就是提交预订请求，还是在Fiddler软件中找到这个请求，然后查看其携带的参数，如下图所示：

　　其中包含了车次编码、出发站编码、目的站编码、token等信息，这些编码信息都可以在查询车票的结果中得到，需要注意的是train_date，可以看到这是一个日期信息，而且是一个格林威治标准时间，要得到这个时间可以使用如下方法，这就能将日期转变成格林威治标准时间：

train_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(train_date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
this_date = train_date.strftime("%a+%b+%d+%Y")

5.检查提交状态

　　在提交预订请求之后，需要检查提交状态，这个请求包含了很多参数，其中一些参数的值都包含在提交预订请求的结果中，除此之外这些参数还有乘客姓名、身份证号、乘客电话、token等。这个请求返回的结果中有一个submitStatus，需要提取出来，该值表明了提交是否成功。该部分的代码如下所示：

 1 # 检查提交状态
 2 def confirm(key_check, left_ticket, passenger_name, passenger_id, passenger_mobile, location, type_id):
 3     # 商务座，一等座，二等座，软卧，硬卧，硬座
 4     type_str = ["9,0,1,", "M,0,1,", "O,0,1,", "4,0,1,", "3,0,1,", "1,0,1,"][type_id]
 5     url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue"
 6     data = {
 7         "choose_seats": "",
 8         "dwAll": "N",
 9         "key_check_isChange": key_check,
10         "leftTicketStr": left_ticket,
11         "oldPassengerStr": passenger_name + ",1," + passenger_id + ",1_",
12         "passengerTicketStr": type_str + passenger_name + ",1," + passenger_id + "," + passenger_mobile + ",N",
13         "purpose_codes": "00",
14         "randCode": "",
15         "REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token,
16         "roomType": "00",
17         "seatDetailType": "000",
18         "train_location": location,
19         "whatsSelect": "1",
20         "_json_att": "", }
21     res = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
22     try:
23         js = json.loads(res.text)
24         status = js["data"]["submitStatus"]
25         # print(status)
26         return status
27     except Exception as e:
28         print(e)
29         raise Exception("Confirm Error!")