Read and write files and the python os module

1. trilogy file reads: Open ---> Options ----> Close

r (default parameters):
- can only read, can not write
- read the file does not exist error
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/ tmp / westos'

w (write)
-write only
- when the file does not exist, it will automatically create a new file
- the file exists when will empty the contents of the file and write new content

a (additional):
-write only
- write: do not empty the contents of the file, the file will be appended to the end
- write: file does not exist, does not complain, creates a new file and write the contents of
r +
-r / w
- file does not exist, an error
- By default, written from the beginning position of the file pointer is located

+ W
-R & lt / W
- file does not exist, no error
- will clear the contents of the file

a+
-r/w
-文件不存在,不报错
-不会清空文件,在末尾追加   

f = open ( '/ tmp / westos3', 'w +') / tmp / westos3 file does not exist, and automatically creates a file written information

Print (F)
Print position (f.tell ()) to print the file pointer in this case 0
f.write ( '111') write '111'
Print (f.tell ()) again to print the pointer position pointer can be seen to 3
f.close () closes the file

Read and write files and the python os module

f = open('/tmp/redhat','a+') 不会清空文件,在末尾追加
print(f) 文件指针的位置开始为0
print(f.tell())
f.write('111') 文件执行5此后指针在15
print(f.tell())
f.close() 关闭文件

Read and write files and the python os moduleRead and write files and the python os module

2.文件的操作

#1.打开文件
f = open('/tmp/westos','r')
#2.操作
print(f)
#读文件
#content = f.read()
#print(content)

#写文件
#告诉当前的文件指针所在的位置
#print(f.tell())
#f.write('westos')
#print(f.tell())
#f.write('redhat')
#print(f.tell())

#判断文件对象拥有的权限
print(f.readable()) 是否可读
print(f.writable()) 是否可写
print(f.tell()) 文件的指针
content = f.read() 把读取的内容指向content
print(content)
print(f.tell())
content1 = f.read()
print(content1)
#print(content)

3.关闭文件
f.close()

2.如果读取是 图片 音频 视频(非纯文本文件)
需要通过二进制的方式读取和写入
-读取纯文本
r r+ w w+ a a+ == rt rt+ wt wt+ at at+
-读取二进制文件
rb rb+ wb wb+ ab ab+

#读取二进制文件内容
f1 = open('hello.png',mode='rb') 只读模式
content = f1.read()
f1.close()

#写入要复制的文件的内容
f2 = open('lucky.jpg',mode='wb') 写入模式
f2.write(content)
f2.close()

复制hello.png并创建新的lucky.jpg
Read and write files and the python os module

3.
默认情况下读取文件的内容 小的文件:直接用read读取即可
如果是一个大文件(文件大小>=内存大小) readline()
f = open('/tmp/passwd','rb+')
#按行读取
#print(f.readline())

#按字节读取
#print(f.read(3))
#读取文件内容,并返回一个列表,列表元素分别为文件的行内容
print(f.readlines())
#指针的移动
#print(f.tell())
#print(f.read(10))
#print(f.tell())
#f.seek(2,2)

seek:指针移动
第一个参数:偏移量 >0:代表向后移动 <0 代表向前移动
第二个参数:
0:移动指针到文件开头
1:当前位置
2:移动指针到末尾

Read and write files and the python os module

#读取/tmp/passwd内容,返回一个列表,去掉后面的\n

f = open('/tmp/passwd')
print(list(map(lambda x:x.strip(),f.readlines())))
print([line.strip() for line in f.readlines()])
f.close()

#创建文件data.txt 文件共100000行,
#每行存放以一个1~100之间的整数

import random

f = open('data.txt','a+')
for i in range(100000):
f.write(str(random.randint(1,100)) + '\n')
#移动文件指针
f.seek(0,0)
print(f.read())
f.close()

Read and write files and the python os moduleRead and write files and the python os module

4.
上下文管理器:打开文件,执行完with语句内容之后,自动关闭文件
with open('/tmp/passwd') as f:
print(f.read())
Read and write files and the python os module
#将第一个文件的内容写道第二个文件中
with open('date.txt') as f1,open('data3.txt','w+') as f2:
f2.write(f1.read())
f2.seek(0,0)
print(f2.read())
Read and write files and the python os module

练习:
生成100个MAC地址并写入文件中,MAC地址前6位(16进制)为01-AF-3B

01-AF-3B-xx-xx-xx
-xx
01-AF-3B-xx
-xx
01-AF-3B-xx-xx
-xx
01-AF-3B-xx-xx-xx

import string
import random

def create_mac():
MAC = '01-AF-3B'
#生成16进制的数
hex_num = string.hexdigits
for i in range(3):

从16进制字符串中随即选出两个数字来

    #返回值是列表
    n = random.sample(hex_num, 2)
    #拼接列表中的内容,将小写的字母转换成大写的字母
    sn = '-' + ''.join(n).upper()
    MAC += sn
return MAC

#主函数:随即生成100个MAC地址
def main():

以写的方式打开一个文件

with open('mac.txt', 'w') as f:
    for i in range(100):
        mac = create_mac()
        print(mac)
        #每生成一个MAC地址,存入文件
        f.write(mac + '\n')

main()

Read and write files and the python os module

#1. 生成一个大文件ips.txt,要求1200行,每行随机为172.25.254.0/24段的ip;
#2. 读取ips.txt文件统计这个文件中ip出现频率排前10的ip;

import random

def create_ip_file(filename):
ips = ['172.25.254.' + str(i) for i in range(0,255)]
print(ips)
with open(filename,'a+') as f:
for count in range(1200):
f.write(random.sample(ips,1)[0] + '\n')

#create_ip_file('ips.txt')

def sorted_ip(filename,count=10):
ips_dict = dict()
with open(filename) as f:
for ip in f:
if ip in ips_dict:
ips_dict[ip] += 1
else:
ips_dict[ip] = 1
sorted_ip = sorted(ips_dict.items(),
key= lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)[:count]
return sorted_ip
print(sorted_ip('ips.txt',20))

Read and write files and the python os module

import random
f = open('/tmp/isp1.txt','w+') #以w+模式打开创建文件
for i in range(1200):
ip = '172.25.254.'
num = random.randint(0,255) #拼接172.25.254.(num)
f.write(ip+str(num)+'\n')
f.seek(0,0) #从指针最开始读取
s = {}
for i in f.readlines():
if i not in s :
s[i] = 1
else:
s[i] += 1
list = list(s.items())
list1 = sorted(list,key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)
print(list1[0:10])
f.close()#关闭文件

二。os模块
import os

1.返回操作系统类型 值为:posix 是linux操作系统
值为nt 是windows操作系统
print(os.name)
print('Linux' if os.name == 'posix' else 'Windows')

2.操作系统的详细信息
info = os.uname()
print(info)
print(info.sysname)
print(info.nodename)

3.系统的环境变量
print(os.environ)
通过key值获取环境变量对应的value值
print(os.environ.get('PATH'))

4.判断是否是绝对路径
print(os.path.isabs('/tmp/ffff'))
print(os.path.isabs('hello.jog'))

5.生成绝对路径
print(os.path.abspath('hello.png'))
print(os.path.join(os.path.abspath('.'),'hello.jpg'))
print(os.path.join('/home/kiosk','hello.jpg'))

6.获取目录或文件名
filename = '/home/dd/20190523/day06/hello.jpg'
print(os.path.basename(filename))
print(os.path.dirname(filename))

7. Create a directory
mkdir mkdir -p
os.mkdir ( 'img')
os.makdirs ( 'img / file1 / file2')
can not pass go delete the directory
os.rmdir ( 'img')

8. Create a file delete files
os.mknod ( '00_ok.txt')
os.remove ( '00_ok.txt')

9. Rename the file
os.rename ( 'data.txt', 'data1.txt

10. Analyzing the file or directory exists
print (os.path.exists ( 'ips.txtyyyy') )

11. The isolated and file name extension
print (os.path.splitext ( 'hello.jpg') )

12. The directory name and file name separated
print (os.path.split ( '/ tmp / hello / hello.jpg'))

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Origin blog.51cto.com/12893781/2405218