CentOs7 system Typical applications - the basic building services systems

CentOs7 basic system building LAMP / LNMP;

First, the preparatory work:

1. ip addr 
2. vi  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 设置onroot=yes
3. service network restart restart
4. yum install net-tools net-tools download tool you can use commands such as ifconfig
5. Set the bridge card (get public IP, ssh remote connection), restart the virtual machine
6. Alternatively default source   http://mirrors.163.com/.help/centos.html (in accordance with the address instructions)
7. Install vim: yum install vim

Two, ssh tools:

1. Ssh server installation services
   1. 安装SSH: yum install openssh-server
   2. Start SSH: service sshd start
   3. Setting a power run: chkconfig sshd on (the server version the default setting)
   4. The client install ssh client
      1. Linux platforms: (already installed automatically when you install openssh-server) yum install openssh-clients
   5. Ssh client connect to the server
      1. ssh [email protected]
   6. Ssh config Detailed Usage
      1. Config File Location: ~ / .ssh / config.
      2. Content Settings way:

　　　　　　　　　　host "root"

   　　　　　　　　　　　HostName 192.168.1.100

   　　　　　　　　　　　User root

            　　　　　　　　  Port 22

1. Free ssh key password scheme of
   1. Linux platform to generate ssh key: ssh-keygen -t rsa
   2. Linux platform: ssh-add ~ / .ssh / XX_rsa (Load key)
   3. ~ / .Ssh / authoried_keys generated files into the server's key
   4. Ssh Port Security: Modify / etc / ssh / sshd_config configuration

 

Third, the package manager: yum

1. Installation: yum install XX
2. Uninstall: yum remove XX
3. Search: yum search XX
4. Clean the cache: yum clean packages
5. Lists installed: yum list
6. Package information: yum info XX

 

Fourth, the server hardware resource information:

1. Memory: free -m

2. Hard disk: df -h

3. Load: w / top

 

Five, Linux file directory structure:

1. Root directory:/
2. Configuration directory: / etc
3. Home directory: / home
4. User program directory: / usr
5. Temporary directory: / tmp

Sixth, the file command:

1. tail: start reading from the end of the file
2. head: read from the file header
3. cat: read the entire file
4. more: page read
5. less: a controlled pagination
6. grep: search keywords
7. find: Find Files
8. wc: counting the number
9. echo to create a file with the content,
10. Create an empty file touch
11. cp copy
12. mv move or rename
13. rm delete files
14. Create a directory mkdir
15. rmdir remove directory
16. pwd displays the current directory path
17. create links in files

Seven, unzip command:

         taking:  

                   -c archive

                   Unzip the file -x

                   -z gzip / tar.gz compressed file

                   -j bzipz compressed files

                   -v display compression or decompression process

                   -f Use filename

                   -t display content in the compressed file

Eight, the user operates the system command :

1. useradd: Add User
2. adduser: add users
3. userdel: Delete User
4. passwd: password

Nine, firewall settings:

1. Installation: yum install firewalld
2. Start: service firewalld start
3. Check the status: service firewalld status
4. Turn off or disable the firewall: service firewalld stop / disable
5. Firewall rule set: 80/22 open port, firewall-cmd --add-port = 22 / tcp;
6. Open a query firewall services: firewall-cmd --query-service = ** (service name)
7. Turn off the firewall open a service: firewall-cmd --remove-service = ** (service name)
8. Add a firewall service: firewall-cmd -add-service = ssh (service name)
9. Permanently open port or service parameters: - permanent

Ten, put right, and file upload and download operations:

1. Mention the right: sudo operations, methods: visudo user settings are loaded into the file:

 

1. Download: wget, curl
2. File upload (linux):

A) scp zgx.txt [email protected]: / tmp /  can be uploaded to tmp directory

b) scp   [email protected]: /tmp/zgx.txt  path to download the file to the current system

1. xshell (windows) Upload: sudo yum install lrzsz use sz rz upload and download commands after installation

a) sudo yum install lrzsz install windows and linux file upload and download commands

b) rz: perform file upload

c) sz zgx.txt: executable file download command

 

 

Eleven, Apache basic operations:

1. Installation: yum install httpd

2. Start: service httpd start

3. Close: service httpd stop

Eleven, Nginx basic operations:

1. Installation: yum install nginx (no default nginx, a need for operation)

　　　　a) add CentOS 7 Nginx yum repository command: sudo RPM -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

　　　　b) Sudo yum install -y nginx to install

1. Start: service nginx start
2. Close: service nginx stop
3. Overload: service nginx reload

Twelve, reverse proxy and load balancing:

        

 

 

 

Thirteen, Mysql basic operations: Account: root password: zgx_mysql

1. Installation server: yum install mysql-community-server

　　　　a) yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64 (centos7 MariaDB database default installation) removed

　　　　b) download mysql Source: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ address location

　　　　c) the installation source: yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

　　　　d) install mysql service

　　　　e) default password: cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep "password"

　　　　f) set the password: ALTER USER 'root' @ 'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password';

1. Start: service mysqld start / restart
2. Close: service mysqld stop
3. Remote Connection:

　　　　a)       show databases;

　　　　b)       use mysql;

　　　　c)       show tables;

　　　　d) update user set host = '%' where host = 'localhost' and user = 'root'; l (to allow access to all hosts)

　　　　e) sudo service mysqld restart; (service restart, refresh permission)

1. Open Genelog (record CRUD sql statements) execution trace data:

　　　　a) set global general_log_file = '/ tmp / general.log'; (set save path general log)

　　　　b) set global general_log = on; (open general log mode)

1. New user and privileged operations:

　　　　a) create a user: CREATE USER 'root' @ '%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

　　　　b) given all privileges: grant all privileges on * * to 'root' @ '%' indentified by '123456' with grant option; (* * for all the tables in all databases, all privileges:.. All rights)

　　　　c) Individual rights: grant select, insert on * * to 'root' @ '%' indentified by '123456' with grant option;.

　　　　d) resume database;

　　　　e) to recover the permissions: revoke all privileges on * * from root;.

1. Forget the root password rescue:

　　　　a) adding a skip-grant-tables in /etc/my.cnf skip password authentication;

　　　　b)       use mysql;

　　　　c)       update user set authentication_string=password(‘123456’) where user=’root’;

 

XIV caching service (Redis / memcached ):

         Memcached basic operations:

　　　　a)       安装： yum install memcached

　　　　b) Start: memcached -d -l -m -p

　　　　c) Stop: kill pid;

Redis basic operations:

　　a) source compiler installation;

　　　　1) Get the source: wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.4.tar.gz

　　　　2) Extract: tar xvzf redis-5.0.4.tar.gz

　　　　3）  安装： yum install gcc ; make MALLOC=libc ; sudo make install。

　　　　4) enter to start the service directory: cd src; ls; (see Service)

　　b) to start the service: ./ redis-server;

　　c) client starts: ./redis-client;

Reids expand knowledge:

　　a) simultaneous Redis support belongings k / v types of data. Also provided list, set, hash and other data storage structure;

　　Data backup b) Redis data backup support, i.e., master-slave mode,

　　c) Redis supports data persistence, data in memory can be saved to disk;

 

Fifteen, GIT:

1. Git installed: yum install git
2. Git command auto-completion feature set
3. ~/.ssh中生成 ssh key：ssh-keygen;
4. Git常用命令：git config;  git init;  git clone;  git remote;  git fetch;  git commit;  git rebase;  git push;

Sixteen, PHP service:

1. The default version 5.4 to version 7.2 upgrade is too low:

　　　　a) Check the currently installed php package: yum list installed | grep php

　　　　b) If you have installed php packages, first remove the following: yum remove php.x86_64 php-cli.x86_64 php-common.x86_64 php-gd.x86_64 php-ldap.x86_64 php-mbstring.x86_64 php-mcrypt.x86_64 php- mysql.x86_64 php-pdo.x86_64

1. Configuration Source:

　　　　a) Sudo rpm Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm

　　　　b) Sudo rpm Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

　　　　c) If you want to remove the installation of the above packages, reinstall:

　　　　　　rpm -qa | grip webtatic; 

　　　　　　rpm -e above can be searched for a packet;

　　Installation and operation of the basic 2.fpm

　　　　a) installation: yum install php72w-fpm (may php70w-fpm)

　　　　b) Basic operation: service php-fpm start / restart / stop

　　3.安装php扩展：yum install  php72w.x86_64  php72w-cli.x86_64  php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-gd.x86_64  php72w-mbstring.x86_64 php72w-mcrypt.x86_64  php72w-mysql.x86_64  php72w-pdo.x86_64 php72w-bcmath.x86_64  php72w-devel.x86_64  php72w-ldap.x86_64  php72w-odbc.x86_64  php72w-pecl-memcached.x86_64 php72w-pecl-redis.x86_64  php72w-mongodb.x86_64  php72w-pecl-xdebug.x86_64      php72w-opcache.x86_64

1. Nginx environment configuration:

 

 

Seventeen, Linux commonly used services:

1. crontab: crontab -e regular tasks
2. Ntpdate: Date synchronization ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
3. Time zone settings:

　　　　a) delete the default Americas: Sudo rm / etc / localtime

　　　　b) set the default time zone Shanghai: ln -s / usr / share / zoneinfo / Asia / Shanghai / etc / localtime

1. Logrotate: log cutting
2. Supervisor: Process Management

　　　　a)       安装：sudo pip install supervisor

　　　　b)       新建配置目录：sudo mkdir /etc/supervisor

　　　　c)       生成配置文件：echo_supervisord_conf > /etc/supervisor/supervisor.conf

         6．监控系统Zabbix