shutil module
Senior files, folders, archive processing module
shutil.copyfileobj (fsrc, fdst, length) the file contents are copied to another document may be partially. fdst target longitudinal length (length is read each time)
Instructions
def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024): """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst""" while 1: buf = fsrc.read(length) if not buf: break fdst.write(buf)
shutil.copyfile (src, dst) copies of documents
Instructions
def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy data from src to dst. If follow_symlinks is not set and src is a symbolic link, a new symlink will be created instead of copying the file it points to. """ if _samefile(src, dst): raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst)) for fn in [src, dst]: try: st = os.stat(fn) except OSError: # File most likely does not exist pass else: # XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...) if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode): raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn) if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src): os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst) else: with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc: with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst: copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst) return dst
shutil.copymode (src, dst) only copy rights. Content, groups, users unchanged
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def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy mode bits from src to dst. If follow_symlinks is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. If `lchmod` isn't available (e.g. Linux) this method does nothing. """ if not follow_symlinks and os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst): if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'): stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod else: return elif hasattr(os, 'chmod'): stat_func, chmod_func = os.stat, os.chmod else: return st = stat_func(src) chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)) if hasattr(os, 'listxattr'): def _copyxattr(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy extended filesystem attributes from `src` to `dst`. Overwrite existing attributes. If `follow_symlinks` is false, symlinks won't be followed. """ try: names = os.listxattr(src, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA): raise return for name in names: try: value = os.getxattr(src, name, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) os.setxattr(dst, name, value, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) except OSError as e: if e.errno not in (errno.EPERM, errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA): raise else: def _copyxattr(*args, **kwargs): pass
Information shutil.copystat (src, dst) copy status, comprising: mode bits, atime, mtime, flags
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def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy file metadata Copy the permission bits, last access time, last modification time, and flags from `src` to `dst`. On Linux, copystat() also copies the "extended attributes" where possible. The file contents, owner, and group are unaffected. `src` and `dst` are path names given as strings. If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. """ def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None): pass # follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks) follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst)) if follow: # use the real function if it exists def lookup(name): return getattr(os, name, _nop) else: # use the real function only if it exists # *and* it supports follow_symlinks def lookup(name): fn = getattr(os, name, _nop) if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks: return fn return _nop st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow) mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode) lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns), follow_symlinks=follow) try: lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow) except NotImplementedError: # if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because # * follow_symlinks=False, # * lchown() is unavailable, and # * either # * fchownat() is unavailable or # * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW. # (it returned ENOSUP.) # therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the # symlink. give up, suppress the error. # (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.) pass if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'): try: lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow) except OSError as why: for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP': if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err): break else: raise _copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
shutil.copy (src, dst) to copy files and permissions
Instructions
def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). Return the file's destination. The destination may be a directory. If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst". If source and destination are the same file, a SameFileError will be raised. """ if os.path.isdir(dst): dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) return dst
shutil.copy2 (src, dst) and the copy file status information
Instructions
def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True): """Copy data and metadata. Return the file's destination. Metadata is copied with copystat(). Please see the copystat function for more information. The destination may be a directory. If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst". """ if os.path.isdir(dst): dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks) return dst
shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)
shutil.copytree (src, dst, syminks = False, ignore = None) recursively copy of the original file folder src dst copy of the new file name syminks soft default connection not copy; ignore = None ignored files (if there is a new folder name will complain)
Instructions
例如:shutil.copytree(src,dst,syminks=False,ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns))
def ignore_patterns(*patterns): """Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter. Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns that are used to exclude files""" def _ignore_patterns(path, names): ignored_names = [] for pattern in patterns: ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)) return set(ignored_names) return _ignore_patterns def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2, ignore_dangling_symlinks=False): """Recursively copy a directory tree. The destination directory must not already exist. If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons. If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic links are copied. If the file pointed by the symlink doesn't exist, an exception will be added in the list of errors raised in an Error exception at the end of the copy process. You can set the optional ignore_dangling_symlinks flag to true if you want to silence this exception. Notice that this has no effect on platforms that don't support os.symlink. The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of `src` contents, as returned by os.listdir(): callable(src, names) -> ignored_names Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a list of names relative to the `src` directory that should not be copied. The optional copy_function argument is a callable that will be used to copy each file. It will be called with the source path and the destination path as arguments. By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same signature (like copy()) can be used. """ names = os.listdir(src) if ignore is not None: ignored_names = ignore(src, names) else: ignored_names = set() os.makedirs(dst) errors = [] for name in names: if name in ignored_names: continue srcname = os.path.join(src, name) dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) try: if os.path.islink(srcname): linkto = os.readlink(srcname) if symlinks: # We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy # code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree # doing the right thing. os.symlink(linkto, dstname) copystat(srcname, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlinks) else: # ignore dangling symlink if the flag is on if not os.path.exists(linkto) and ignore_dangling_symlinks: continue # otherwise let the copy occurs. copy2 will raise an error if os.path.isdir(srcname): copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function) else: copy_function(srcname, dstname) elif os.path.isdir(srcname): copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function) else: # Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types copy_function(srcname, dstname) # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can # continue with other files except Error as err: errors.extend(err.args[0]) except OSError as why: errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why))) try: copystat(src, dst) except OSError as why: # Copying file access times may fail on Windows if getattr(why, 'winerror', None) is None: errors.append((src, dst, str(why))) if errors: raise Error(errors) return dst # version vulnerable to race conditions
shutil.rmtree (path, ignore_errors = False, onerror = None) to recursively delete files (delete all files)
Instructions
def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None): """Recursively delete a directory tree. If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func, path, exc_info) where func is platform and implementation dependent; path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised. """ if ignore_errors: def onerror(*args): pass elif onerror is None: def onerror(*args): raise if _use_fd_functions: # While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not. if isinstance(path, bytes): path = os.fsdecode(path) # Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard # lstat()/open()/fstat() trick. try: orig_st = os.lstat(path) except Exception: onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info()) return try: fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY) except Exception: onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info()) return try: if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(fd)): _rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror) try: os.rmdir(path) except OSError: onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info()) else: try: # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669 raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link") except OSError: onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info()) finally: os.close(fd) else: try: if os.path.islink(path): # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669 raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link") except OSError: onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info()) # can't continue even if onerror hook returns return return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror) # Allow introspection of whether or not the hardening against symlink # attacks is supported on the current platform rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks = _use_fd_functions
shutil.move (src, dst) move files recursively (similar to rename)
Instructions
def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2): """Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's destination. If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already exist. If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics. If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used. Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross filesystem renames. The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`. By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same signature (like copy()) can be used. A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of the issues this implementation glosses over. """ real_dst = dst if os.path.isdir(dst): if _samefile(src, dst): # We might be on a case insensitive filesystem, # perform the rename anyway. os.rename(src, dst) return real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src)) if os.path.exists(real_dst): raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst) try: os.rename(src, real_dst) except OSError: if os.path.islink(src): linkto = os.readlink(src) os.symlink(linkto, real_dst) os.unlink(src) elif os.path.isdir(src): if _destinsrc(src, dst): raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself" " '%s'." % (src, dst)) copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function, symlinks=True) rmtree(src) else: copy_function(src, real_dst) os.unlink(src) return real_dst
shutil.make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None)
base_name: archive file name, path package can also be compressed, but when the file name is saved to the current directory, or saved to the specified path,
Such as: wenjianming ==> Save to the current path
Such as: / users / kevin / wenjianming ==> Save to / users / kevin /
format: compressed packet type, "zip", "tar", "bztar", "gztar"
root_dir: To compress the folder path (the current directory by default)
owner = None, group = None, logger = None user (current default), the group (current default), for logging, the object is usually logging.Logger
Instructions
def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None): """Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). 'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar", or "xztar". Or any other registered format. 'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the archive. 'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from; ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and directories in the archive. 'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file. 'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default, uses the current owner and group. """ save_cwd = os.getcwd() if root_dir is not None: if logger is not None: logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir) base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name) if not dry_run: os.chdir(root_dir) if base_dir is None: base_dir = os.curdir kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger} try: format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format] except KeyError: raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format) from None func = format_info[0] for arg, val in format_info[1]: kwargs[arg] = val if format != 'zip': kwargs['owner'] = owner kwargs['group'] = group try: filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs) finally: if root_dir is not None: if logger is not None: logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd) os.chdir(save_cwd) return filename
shutil processing compressed packet is called ZipFile TarFile two modules and carried out.
Compression (current)
import zipfile # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('kevin.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close() # 解压 z = zipfile.ZipFile('kevin.zip', 'r') z.extractall() z.close()
Packaging (Packaging not only compression (all))
import tarfile # 压缩 tar = tarfile.open('kevin.tar', 'w') tar.add('/users/Kevin/Pycharmprojects/kevin.zip', arcname=kevin.zip) tar.add('/users/Kevin/Pycharmprojects/roc.zip', arcname=roc.zip) tar.close() # 解压 tar = tarfile.open('kevin.tar', 'r') tar.extractall() # 可设置解压地址 tar.close()