Introduction to Psychology-Yale University Lesson 3 Study Notes
Freud: Ego, Id, Superego
Introduction
Your behavior patterns and your way of thinking are not the product of a single rational being, but the product of a series of conflicts.
1. Self
The id is innate and is the biological aspect of the self. The id seeks the satisfaction of eating, drinking, defecating, urinating, keeping warm, and sexual desire. It is blind and seeks the satisfaction of immediate happiness.
Babies have only their own id, which Freud euphemistically called: polymorphic abnormality
2. Self
It follows the "reality principle", which tries to find a way to satisfy the self's requirements in reality, find a way to pursue happiness, and sometimes find a way to give up.
In Freud's theory, the emergence of the ego means the origin of consciousness
3. Superego
It is the internalization of social and family norms. You try to satisfy your own desires in reality, but sometimes you are punished for it because some desires are inappropriate, so your superego will flash in your mind.
A moral conscience that tells you what not to do
In fact, the superego is also blind
One voice asks you to satisfy your desires (id), and another voice says "you should be ashamed" (superego), and this is your ego
The self is between the id and the superego
Oral phase => Anal phase => Sexual desire phase
If you don't cross a certain period, it will stay there. The reason for staying is because of some external force, or the superego (?) that makes you have to say no to the desires displayed in this period.
hydraulic effect
It is said that the desire generated by no will continue to accumulate, but you did not say that it was released with sexual goals, but with other goals. You can imagine that Picasso released his sexual energy through painting.
Displace
Release some of your immoral thoughts or desires in a safe way
projection
People project onto others what they don’t want and certain impulses that they cannot tolerate (for example, homosexuals will not dare to express themselves because they like a person, and will project their own thoughts onto him, saying that they think he likes them, and rationalize one’s own sexual desires)
(A mother who likes to spank her children will not say that I just like to spank my children, but will say that I do it for the good of my children)
Deny that you have this desire and think that others have this desire
Regress
means a return to some earlier stage of development
They will behave like children when they are hurt, maybe crying or kicking blankets etc.
Conclusion
Freud believed that all these mechanisms are not pathological, but that we unconsciously maintain the balance of the unconscious system in our daily lives. But sometimes the defense mechanism does not work, and then a disease will occur—— hysteria [hysteria]
Clinical manifestations include: hysterical blindness and hysterical deafness, paralysis, tremors, panic, amnesia and other memory loss
Some questions from students
Are Freud's theories credible? (In fact, most of them are in line with modern science)
Whether a theory is scientific or not can be judged from two aspects:
1. The theory itself is wrong (that is, falsifiable)
2. The concept is vague, and the system is huge and difficult to verify (falsifiable).
The difference between science and non-science is that science can make powerful predictions about the world, and These predictions are falsifiable
in conclusion
Not scientific, but still plays a huge role
What is the difference between sublimation and defense mechanism?
Many defense mechanisms involve desires and the transformation of desires, sublimation is when you give up specific desires and conserve energy