Linux restart command (super detailed)

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In Linux, restarting a system or server is a common operation. To restart the system safely, you can use commands such as reboot or shutdown. Here are how to use several commands:

1. Use reboot Instruction

rebootThe command is used torestart the system immediately. To reboot your system, just execute the following command:

sudo reboot

• sudo: Run the command with administrator privileges because the restart operation requires special privileges.
• reboot: Indicates to perform restart operation immediately.

The system will send a restart signal and then restart.

2. Use shutdown Instruction

shutdownThe command allows you to shut down or restart the system at a scheduled time and send a notification to all users. To restart the system immediately, you can execute the following command:

sudo shutdown -r now

• sudo: Run the command with administrator privileges because the restart operation requires special privileges.
• -r: means restart.
• now: Indicates to perform restart operation immediately.

If another user logs into the system, the shutdown command will send a notification message and perform a restart after a period of time.

3. Delay before shutdown

If you want a delay before restarting to allow other users to save their work and log out, use the parameter with the shutdown command. -t

For example, to restart the system after 5 minutes, you can execute the following command:

sudo shutdown -r +5

This will send a reboot notification to all users and perform the reboot after 5 minutes.

4. Restart using the init command

There is another command that can also be used to restart your Linux system, that is the init command. In Linux systems, init is the first process called by the kernel, and its PID (process ID) is always 1. If you want to use this command to reboot, you can do this:

init 6

In this command, the number 6 is a runlevel and represents a reboot.

at last

Whether using the reboot or shutdown commands, administrator privileges are required to perform the restart operation. Please make sure you have sufficient permissions to avoid unexpected reboots or shutdowns.