What is Spring Boot Actuator?
Spring Boot Actuator is a production-level feature provided by Spring Boot. It can help us monitor and manage Spring Boot applications, such as health checks, auditing, statistics, and HTTP tracking. All these features can be accessed via JMX or HTTP endpoints. Simply put, Spring Boot Actuator is a tool for monitoring and managing Spring Boot applications.
How to integrate Spring Boot Actuator?
Integrating Spring Boot Actuator is very simple. You only need to add the following dependencies in the project's pom.xml file:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
Then make the corresponding configuration in the application.properties or application.yml file.
What is Endpoint?
In Spring Boot Actuator, Endpoint is an interface used to expose specific data, which is often used to monitor and manage applications. Spring Boot Actuator provides many built-in Endpoints, such as /health, /info, /metrics, /loggers, etc.
How to configure Endpoint?
In Spring Boot Actuator, we can enable or disable Endpoint through the configuration file, or modify the Endpoint path. Here are some common configuration examples:
# 启用所有 Endpoint
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
# 禁用所有 Endpoint
management.endpoints.web.exposure.exclude=*
# 修改 /health Endpoint 的路径
management.endpoints.web.path-mapping.health=healthcheck
Important Endpoint Analysis
/health
/health Endpoint is used to check the health of the application. It displays some basic health information such as disk space, database connections, Redis connections, etc.
/metrics
/metrics Endpoint is used to display various metric information of the application, such as memory usage, thread pool status, HTTP request statistics, etc.
/loggers
/loggers Endpoint is used to view and modify logger configuration. We can dynamically adjust the log level through this Endpoint.
/info
/info Endpoint is used to display some basic information of the application, such as version number, Git commit information, etc.
/beans
/beans Endpoint is used to view information about all Spring Beans in the application.
/heapdump
/heapdump Endpoint is used to generate a heap dump file, which is useful for analyzing memory leaks.
/threaddump
/threaddump Endpoint is used to generate a thread dump, which is useful for analyzing threading issues.
How to customize Endpoint?
In addition to using the built-in Endpoint, we can also customize the Endpoint. Here's a simple example:
Sample code
@Component
@Endpoint(id = "custom")
public class CustomEndpoint {
@ReadOperation
public Map<String, Object> custom() {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("custom", "This is a custom endpoint.");
return map;
}
}
In this example, we define an Endpoint called custom that returns a Map containing a message.
How to ensure the security of Endpoint?
While Endpoints provide a lot of useful information, if not protected they can be exploited by malicious users. Therefore, we need to ensure the security of Endpoint.
A common approach is to use Spring Security to protect endpoints. Here's a simple example:
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.requestMatchers(EndpointRequest.toAnyEndpoint()).hasRole("ADMIN")
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and()
.httpBasic();
}
}
In this example, we configured Spring Security so that only users with the ADMIN role can access the Endpoint. Access requests to the Endpoint from other users will be denied.
Overall, Spring Boot Actuator is a powerful tool that can help us better monitor and manage Spring Boot applications. However, we also need to pay attention to the security of Endpoints to prevent them from being exploited by malicious users.