Table of contents
1. Introduction
Linux is a free and open source operating system kernel that is widely used in various computer systems. It is known for its stability, security, and flexibility, and has become the operating system of choice in servers, embedded devices, and personal computers.
The main features and functions of Linux include:
Open source code: Linux adopts an open source code model, which means that users can freely view, modify and distribute source code, which makes Linux highly customizable and flexible. At the same time, open source code also promotes the participation of developers and promotes the development and innovation of the Linux community.
Multi-user and multi-task support: Linux supports multiple users logging in at the same time and can run multiple tasks at the same time. It uses a multi-process and multi-thread mechanism to allow multiple programs to run in parallel at the same time, improving system utilization and efficiency.
Highly stable and reliable: Linux is known for its high stability and reliability. It can run for a long time without restarting, reducing the possibility of system interruption and data loss. It is suitable for scenarios that require high system stability, such as servers and industrial control systems.
Security: Linux focuses on security and adopts a variety of security mechanisms in design and implementation, such as access control, account management, file permissions, etc. At the same time, a large number of developers in the Linux community actively participate in vulnerability fixes and security updates, responding to and solving security issues in a timely manner.
Virtualization and containerization support: Linux provides powerful virtualization and containerization support, such as KVM, Xen, Docker and other technologies. These technologies allow users to run multiple virtual machines or containers on one physical machine, improving hardware resource utilization and system flexibility.
Community support and ecosystem: Linux has a huge open source community and ecosystem, and users can get free support, documentation, and software from the community. In addition, numerous open source software and tools also provide Linux with a wealth of applications and functional extensions to meet the needs of different users.
2. Require resources
- A USB flash drive (back up data in advance)
- Ubuntu 20.04 LTS image
- Download address:Tsinghua source download ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso
- Rufus–1008.05kb startup tool
- Download address: Link: Download link Password: om26
- Ubuntu 20.04 LTS official website download
- Get Ubuntu Server | Download | Ubuntu
3. Window settings
1. Partition
Set aside an empty area for storage of the Ubuntu system.
On the desktop, click the computer icon (right-click) –> Management --> Find Disk Management, then find a larger hard disk partition and click on it
For example, I clicked "Study Materials", right-clicked and selected Compressed Volume.
Enter the space that needs to be compressed, and you will get a corresponding free space to use as the Ubuntu system disk.
2. Startup disk production
Open the Rufus creation tool
The main thing is to select the corresponding iso image and start making the boot disk.
If the computer cannot recognize the USB flash drive when booting, set the partition type from MBR to GPT.
4. Ubuntu installation
1. Enter Bios to set up USB boot.
Keys to enter the Bios of several commonly used brands
Thinkpad/IBM (press F1 when booting cold, some new models can be started by pressing F1 when restarting)
HP (press F2 when booting or restarting)
SONY (Press F2 when turning on or restarting)
Dell (Press F2 when turning on or restarting)
Acer (Press F2 when turning on or restarting) a> Compaq (press F10 when the flashing cursor appears in the upper right corner after booting, or press F10 when booting) You can enter the BIOS. These things are related to the motherboard manufacturer and are generally determined by the motherboard. Most domestic and Taiwanese brands (press F2 when booting or restarting) desktop computers enter the BIOS and press the del key when booting. Fujitsu (press F2 when booting or restarting)
Toshiba (press ESC and then F1 when booting coldly)
2. After the U disk is started, a black boot interface will appear. Choose Ubuntu. Enter the ubuntu installation interface and select Chinese
3. Select layout
4. Connect to the Internet
5. Select minimal installation. If you are connected to the Internet, you can also check the following two options.
6. Select the installation type. Here we customize the installation and select other options. If you don’t want to bother, you can simply choose the first option.
7. Partition, this is the most important point. The hard disk space we reserved earlier will be used here. We click on the free space and click the + sign to create a new partition.
Here we have to divide into four areas, namely
- / The large area of the entire system in the root directory is generally more than 15G.
- /boot startup directory, the directory required for booting. (200M-2G)
- Swap swap space is generally as large as memory.
- The /home home directory is the directory where we store user data. Generally give as much as you have
Recommended/50/50 split with /homeFor example, I have freed up a 112GB hard disk to install the system, so I partitioned it as follows:
/ I allocated 25GB to the root directory
/boot startup directory I allocated 2GB
In fact, /boot can be set to a few hundred megabytes. I am here just for demonstration.
swap swap space is 8GB
/home I set 76GB
Then click Install Now.
8. Select urban area, shanghai
9. Set up users
10. Wait for the installation to be successful.
After the installation is complete, click Restart, and then remove the USB flash drive.
If you restart into Windows, you can enter the bios to set up Ubuntu startup. It is similar to the previous setting of USB boot.