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Preface
Designed to help beginners master the basic knowledge and skills of building applications using modern front-end technology stacks. In this series, we’ll take a deep dive into how to develop modern front-end applications using powerful tools and frameworks like Vue.js, Vite, TypeScript, Pinia, and Sass.
Through this series, we will build a complete front-end project from scratch, covering all aspects of project initialization, component development, state management, style processing, etc. We will introduce the basic concepts of each technology and provide practical code examples and best practices so that readers can quickly get started and establish a solid technical foundation.
Whether you are new to front-end development or a developer looking to learn more about these new technologies, this series will provide you with valuable guidance and resources. We hope that through this series of articles, we can help readers better understand the best practices of modern front-end development and apply these technologies in actual projects to build excellent user interfaces and interactive experiences.
Whether you are looking for new learning resources or a developer eager to explore cutting-edge technologies, we believe this series will provide you with value and inspiration. Let’s embark on this exciting front-end development journey together!
1. Understand Vue3
To understand what Vue3 is, we first need to understand what vue is.
The official documentation explains this:Vue (pronounced /vjuː/, similar to view) is a tool for building user interfaces JavaScript framework. It is built on standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and provides a declarative, component-based programming model to help you develop user interfaces efficiently. Whether it’s a simple or complex interface, Vue can do it all.
Vue provides a simple API and flexible component system, allowing developers to easily build interactive interfaces. It has many features, including:
- Reactive data binding: Views automatically update when data changes.
- Component-based development: Allows pages to be decomposed into reusable components, which allows for better management of complex user interfaces.
- Single-file component: Through the .vue file, the structure, style and behavior of the component are encapsulated in one file to facilitate maintenance and development.
- Virtual DOM: Improve rendering performance and reduce unnecessary DOM operations through virtual DOM.
Vue 3 is the next major version of the Vue.js framework, which has been rewritten and upgraded, bringing many new features and improvements. Compared with Vue 2, Vue 3 provides better performance, more elegant API design, and better TypeScript support.
Some of Vue 3’s notable features include:
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Composition API: Vue 3 introduced the Composition API, which is a function-based API style that allows logic to be better organized and reused. It allows components to be logically split and reused more easily, and solves the problem in Vue 2 that the logic code becomes difficult to maintain as the component size grows.
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Teleport: Vue 3 introduced the Teleport component, which allows developers to render components in the DOM more flexibly, which is very useful when dealing with modal boxes, pop-up menus and other scenarios.
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Better performance: Vue 3 has been optimized in terms of rendering performance. By optimizing the virtual DOM algorithm and improving runtime performance, the application performance has been significantly improved.
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Tree-shaking: Vue 3 adopts a better module architecture, which enables the packaging tool to perform tree-shaking better and reduces the packaged application size.
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Comprehensive TypeScript support: Vue 3 introduces comprehensive TypeScript type definitions, allowing developers to better use Vue in TypeScript projects.
2. Understand Vite
The official document explains it this way:Vite (French means "fast", pronounced /vit/, pronounced the same as "veet" ) is a new front-end building tool that can significantly improve the front-end development experience. It mainly consists of two parts:
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A development server that provides rich built-in features based on native ES modules, such as incredibly fast Hot Module Refresh (HMR).
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A set of build instructions that uses Rollup to package your code and is pre-configured to output highly optimized static resources for production.
Vite is a tool with clear recommendations and sensible default settings. Vite supports integration with other frameworks or tools through plugins. If necessary, you can customize it to suit your project via the configuration section.
Vite also provides powerful extensibility through its plugin API and JavaScript API, and provides complete type support.
Key features of Vite include:
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ES module building: Vite can directly use the ES module features natively supported by the browser, without the need to pre-package the code into traditional CommonJS or AMD modules. This allows developers to write code in the form of native ES modules, improving the development experience and build speed.
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Fast cold start: Vite's extremely fast cold start time allows the development server to be ready in milliseconds, which provides developers with instant feedback and a hot reload experience.
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Hot module replacement: Based on the browser's native hot reload API, Vite can achieve near-instant module hot replacement (HMR), so that modifications during the development process can be immediately reflected in the browser without refreshing the entire page.
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No packaging required: During development, Vite does not need to pre-package code into static files, but instead builds it using native ES modules. This feature makes the development process more lightweight and real-time.
3. Understand TypeScript
TypeScript is a strongly typed programming language built on JavaScript that gives you better tools at any scale.
Key features of TypeScript include:
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Static typing: TypeScript introduces a static type system that can detect most type-related errors at compile time, which helps reduce errors that occur at runtime and improves the robustness and maintainability of the code.
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ECMAScript compatibility: TypeScript is fully compatible with the syntax and features of modern JavaScript, and can use features in the latest ECMAScript specifications, such as ES6, ES7, etc.
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Object-oriented programming: TypeScript supports the object-oriented programming paradigm, including classes, interfaces, inheritance, generics, etc., and provides more strict and powerful functions through the type system.
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Tool support: TypeScript is equipped with rich editor support. For example, by installing relevant extensions in Visual Studio Code, you can get better code prompts, automatic completion, refactoring and other functions.
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Type inference: TypeScript’s type system can perform type inference based on context and code structure, which means that in most cases there is no need to explicitly annotate the type of each variable.
4. Get to know Pinia
Pinia started as an experiment around November 2019. Its purpose was to design a Vue state management library with a combined API. Pinia is a state management library designed for Vue 3 to provide a concise, powerful, and easy-to-use API for managing state in Vue applications. It provides a way to manage global and local state based on a reactive system based on Vue 3, and also integrates well with TypeScript.
Some of Pinia’s key features include:
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Reactive system based on Vue 3: Pinia takes advantage of Vue 3's reactive system, making managing state in the application very intuitive and efficient.
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Use Vue Composition API: Pinia encourages developers to use Vue 3’s Composition API to define state and logic, which makes the code clearer and maintainable.
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Zero dependencies: Pinia is a lightweight library that does not depend on other state management libraries or similar tools, making it highly flexible.
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Support for TypeScript: Pinia provides built-in support for TypeScript, including features such as type inference, interface definition, and type safety, which makes developing with TypeScript smoother.
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Plug-in system: Pinia provides a plug-in system that allows developers to extend and customize functions according to the needs of the project, such as adding middleware, development tools, etc.
5. Understand Sass
Sass (Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets) is a CSS preprocessor that adds variables, nested rules, and mixins based on CSS syntax. (mixins), import (inline imports) and other advanced functions, these extensions make CSS more powerful and elegant. Using Sass and Sass style libraries (such as Compass) can help you better organize and manage style files and develop projects more efficiently.
Some of the key features of Sass include:
- Fully compatible with CSS3
- Add variables, nesting, mixins and other functions based on CSS
- Calculate color values and attribute values through functions
- Provides advanced functions such as control directives
- Custom output format
Summarize
The above has introduced the basic knowledge and skills of building applications using the modern front-end technology stack, mainly covering powerful tools and frameworks such as Vue.js, Vite, TypeScript, Pinia and Sass. Through these tools and frameworks, we can build modern front-end applications, improve development efficiency and code quality, and provide users with excellent user interfaces and interactive experiences.