Python office automation--operation and application of Excel and Word

Python office automation – operation and application of Excel and Word

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Preface

Python office automation is the process of using the Python programming language to create scripts and programs to simplify, speed up and automate daily office tasks and workflows. It is based on Python's powerful functions and rich third-party libraries, enabling it to handle various office tasks, such as document processing, data analysis, email management, network communication, etc.
Basic concepts include:

1. Automate tasks: Use Python to write code to replace manually performing repetitive tasks, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing errors.
2. Third-party libraries: Python has a large number of third-party libraries and modules that can be used to handle different types of office tasks, such as Pandas for data analysis, OpenPyXL for Excel file processing, smtplib for email sending, etc. .
3. Scripting and automation tools: Python scripts can be designed to perform specific tasks, or they can be simulated through automation tools (for example, using PyAutoGUI for screen operations) to simulate user interaction.
4. Data processing: Python can be used to process various data formats, such as CSV, Excel, JSON, etc., for data analysis, cleaning and conversion.
5. Task scheduling: Python can help set up scheduled tasks, such as automatically backing up files, regularly generating reports, or sending reminders.
   In short, Python office automation can greatly improve productivity, reduce repetitive work, and reduce the risk of human error. It is a powerful tool for automating tasks in an office environment.

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1. How to use Python to operate Excel files

Using Python to operate Excel files is one of the common tasks in office automation. There are several popular libraries available, the two main ones being openpyxl and pandas.

2. Usage steps

1. Use the openpyxl library

Install the openpyxl library (if not already installed): pip install openpyxl

Open an Excel file:

import openpyxl
# 打开⼀个现有的⼯作簿
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook('example.xlsx')
# 选择⼀个⼯作表
sheet = workbook['Sheet1']

Read the value of a cell:

cell_value = sheet['A1'].value

Write the value of the cell:

 sheet['A2'] = 'Hello, World!'

Save the workbook:

 workbook.save('example.xlsx')

2. Use pandas library

Install the pandas library if it is not already installed: pip install pandas

Read Excel file:

import pandas as pd
# 读取Excel⽂件
df = pd.read_excel('example.xlsx')

Perform operations on data, such as filtering, grouping, or modifying:

1. Filter data: Use the loc method of the pandas library to filter data based on conditions. For example, to filter out data whose "gender" is female, you can use the following code:

female_data = df.loc[df['性别'] == '女']

2. Grouping data: Using the groupby method of the pandas library, you can group data based on the value of a certain column. For example, to group data by the "City" column you can use the following code:

grouped_data = df.groupby('城市')

3. Modify data: Use the loc method of the pandas library to modify data based on conditions. For example, to modify the "Age" of data whose "Gender" is male to 30, you can use the following code:

df.loc[df['性别'] == '男', '年龄'] = 30

Write data back to Excel file:

df.to_excel('modified_example.xlsx', index=False)

2. How to use Python to operate Word documents

There are several libraries in Python that can help with the operation of Word documents. These libraries can be used to create, edit, and process Word documents. The following are some commonly used Python libraries:

1. python-docx

python-docx is a library for creating and editing Word documents. You can use it to create new documents, add paragraphs, tables, images, styles, etc.
Here is a simple example:

from docx import Document
# 创建⼀个新的Word⽂档
doc = Document()
# 添加段落
doc.add_paragraph('Hello, World!')
# 保存⽂档
doc.save('example.docx')

2.python-docx2txt

python-docx2txt is a library for extracting text from Word documents. It can help extract text content from Word documents for further processing and analysis.

from docx2txt import process
# 提取Word⽂档中的⽂本
text = process("example.docx")
print(text)

3.pywin32

pywin32 is a Python extension library used to interact with Windows operating systems. It can be used to automate Microsoft Office applications, including Word. You can use it to open, manipulate and save Word documents.

import win32com.client as win32

# 创建Word应用程序对象
word = win32.Dispatch('Word.Application')

# 打开Word文档
doc = word.Documents.Open('C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\example.docx')

# 获取文档中的所有段落
paragraphs = doc.Paragraphs

# 在文档末尾添加一段文字
new_paragraph = paragraphs.Add()
new_paragraph.Range.Text = 'This is a new paragraph.'

# 保存文档
doc.Save()

# 关闭Word应用程序
word.Quit()

4. docxtemplater

docxtemplater is a library for populating Word document templates. You can create a Word document with placeholders and then use the library to populate the template with data to generate a customized document.

from docxtpl import DocxTemplate

# 打开Word文档模板
doc = DocxTemplate("template.docx")

# 定义要填充的数据
context = {
    
    
    'title': '这是标题',
    'content': '这是内容',
    'image': 'image.png'
}

# 将数据填充到Word文档模板中
doc.render(context)

# 保存填充后的Word文档
doc.save("output.docx")

These libraries provide Python with rich functions for processing Word documents, whether creating new documents, editing existing documents, or extracting text content, to meet different needs. You can choose the appropriate library to process Word documents based on specific project needs.

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Summarize

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