1. Common commands for operating the terminal
- Quickly open: command+space, enter ter and press Enter
- Multiple windows: command+N (the cursor is in the terminal to perform this operation)
- Multiple tabs: command+T (the cursor is in the terminal to perform this operation)
2. Directory and file operations
| command name | Function description | Examples or remarks |
|---|---|---|
| cd | Enter the specified folder path | cd ~/Desktop |
| pwd | Show current directory path | /Users/xz/Desktop |
| ls | Display the contents of the current directory | |
| ls - her | Display detailed contents in the current directory | |
| ls -a |
Display the contents of the current directory | .Files starting with dot ( ) |
| mkdir | Create a directory | mkdir dir_name |
| touch file.format | Create a file in a specified format | |
| is mv | Move directory | mvdir dir1 dir2 |
| mv | Move/Rename---Files/Folders | mv dir1 dir2 MAC has no rename command |
| rm | Delete files or empty directories | |
| rm -rf dir | Delete a non-empty directory | rm -rf dir |
| is rm | Delete empty directories | Usually used less |
| cp | Copy a file or directory | cp file1 file2 |
| file | Show file types | file file_name |
| find | Find files using a match expression | find *.file_format |
| open | Open file using default program | open file_name |
| cat | Display or connect file contents | cat file |
| ln | Create a join for files | ln -s file1 file2 s indicates soft connection |
| head | Display the first few lines of the file | head -20 file_name |
| tail | Display the last few lines of the file | tail -10 file_name |
| paste | Horizontally splicing file content | paste file1 file2 |
| diff | Compare and display the content differences of two files | diff file1 file2 |
| wc | Count the number of characters, words and lines of a file | wc file_name |
| unique | Remove duplicate lines from file | uniq file_name |
| grep | Search files by simple regular expression |
3. Common commands
CTRL+A: Move the cursor to the beginning of the line
CTRL+E: Move the cursor to the end of the line
CTRL+X: Hold down CTRL and double-click X to switch between the current position and the beginning of the line
ESC+B: Move the cursor one word to the left
ESC +F: Move the cursor one word to the right
CTRL+U: Delete all characters before the cursor
CTRL+K: Delete all characters after the cursor
CTRL+W: Delete the word before the cursor (identify word separation based on spaces)
CTRL+Y: Paste before ( CTRL+U/K/W) Deleted content
CTRL+C: Interrupt operation
4. Process operation
- ps: Display the current process status
- kill: kill the current process
5. Icons correspond to keyboard shortcuts
⌘——Command （）
⌃ ——Control
⌥——Option （alt）
⇧——Shift
⇪——Caps Lock
fn——The function key is fn
.mh switch ⌘+⌃ +↓or↑
Forward and backward text file ⌘+⌃ +←or→
Close the current text file ⌘+⌃+w
Automatic typesetting code ⌃+i
Left and right indent ⌘+［or］
Comment ⌘+/
To view the name definition, enter the header file ⌘+left mouse button
View name api documentation ⌥ + left mouse button
6. Webshell commonly used log viewing commands
- [ls] View all folders and files in the current directory
- [cd file] Enter a file folder
- 【cat file】Open a file online
- [trail -f file] Open the file file and view the log content in real time