SPSS Learning 1 Software development, main features, main windows, operation methods and data analysis steps (suitable for zero-based learning)

Preface

This chapter mainly explains the development, main features, main windows, operation methods and data analysis steps of SPSS software.

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1. Overview of SPSS statistical analysis software

1.1 Software Overview
The English abbreviation of SPSS comes from the following two:
Statistical Package for Social Science
Statistical Product and Service Solutions Statistical Product and Service Solutions
1.2 Development of SPSS
in the 1960s: developed by three graduate students at Stanford University in the United States
in the 1970s :sPSS headquarters was established in Chicago and launched the SPSSX small and medium-sized computer version. In
the 1980s: SPSS Company (SPSS/PC+microcomputer version). In the
1990s: SPSS Company (SPSS WINDOWS version 5~16).
2009: IBM acquired it and named it: IBM SPSSStatistics (multinational Language version 23)
1.3 Main features of SPSS

• Easy to operate. Most operations are completed through menus, buttons, and dialog boxes.

• No computer programming is required, and a large number of commands and parameters need to be memorized.

• The analysis methods are rich and the analysis results are clear and intuitive.

• Data files in other software formats can be directly read, such as: xls, sas, etc.

• The latest version adopts a distributed analysis system, adapts to the Internet, and supports dynamic collection, analysis of data and HTML reports

• Inconvenient to be directly compatible with general office software
  1.4 SPSS main windows: data editor window and data viewer window

  (1)Data editor window
  

• Window title: Data Editor (Dataset)

• Function: Window for basic operations such as input, modification, and management of SPsS data files.

• Composition: window main menu, toolbar, data editing area, status area

• Features:
  When SPSS is running,
  each statistical analysis function in SPSS is automatically opened for the data in this window. The
  data files in the window are stored on the disk as .sav
  . Two views: data view and variable view
  (2) Viewer window
  

• Window title:Viewer

• Function: Window for outputting SPSS statistical analysis reports and graphics.

• Composition: window main menu, toolbar, result display area, status area

• Features:
  The output window can be closed, and the window content is stored on the disk as .SPV.
  Two parts: directory view and content view
  1.5 Program running mode

• Manually write SPSS command programs and submit them to the computer for running in one go

• Suitable for large-scale analysis work and skilled SPSS programmers.
  Implementation method

• Open the Grammar window and write and modify SPSS programs

• Click the Run menu item in the syntax window and select Run Mode Run
  1.6 Menu Program Mixed Run Mode

• First select the analysis process and parameters through the menu, do not submit (confirm) for execution immediately, but press the paste button

• The computer automatically converts the analysis process and parameters just defined by the user into SPSS commands and displays them in the syntax window.

• The user can make necessary modifications and then submit it to the computer for execution.

• Generally suitable for skilled SPSS programmers
  1.7 SPSS basic running mode
  (1) Full window menu mode

• All analysis operations are performed through menus, buttons and dialog boxes.
  

• It is a frequently used operating method and is suitable for general analysis and SPSS beginners.
  1.8 Steps to use SPSS for data analysis
  (1) Create SPSS data files,
  define the data file structure,
  enter, modify and edit the data to be analyzed·
  (2) Data Statistical analysis
  Preprocessing before statistical analysis
  Statistical analysis
  (3) Storage of data and analysis results
  (4) Description and interpretation of results