E-commerce business platform technical architecture tutorial series: e-commerce platform architecture design and deployment

Author: Zen and the Art of Computer Programming

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of the Internet, e-commerce is booming. Along with e-commerce such as Internet+, online sales, and full logistics coverage, e-commerce platforms have also become a hot topic in recent years. Many companies have launched their own e-commerce platforms as their own value-added services to promote their products or services.

Through this article, I hope to provide some systematic guidance to help you architect, develop and deploy the e-commerce business platform you are building, enhance brand exposure, increase customer conversion rate, improve user experience, and also promote The overall development of the enterprise.

This series of tutorials is divided into six chapters. Each chapter revolves around a theme, from background introduction to core algorithm principles and specific operation steps, combined with corresponding code examples. They are connected and connected with each other to form a complete e-commerce Knowledge system of business platform technology architecture. Readers can selectively read according to their own actual situation, or they can refer to the article as a learning resource for the technical architecture of e-commerce business platforms.

• E-commerce business platform technical architecture tutorial series: E-commerce platform architecture design and deployment (6)

2. Background introduction

2.1 What is an e-commerce business platform?

An e-commerce platform is a website or APP that integrates all functions related to e-commerce, including transaction management, commodity management, payment, logistics and distribution, community communication, etc., providing users with an intuitive, simple, easy-to-use, safe and effective shopping environment. E-commerce platforms can be used in various industries, such as clothing, beauty, books, sports and health, home furnishing, digital products, real estate, technology, agriculture, greenhouse gases, fresh food, catering and other fields. By providing diversified information, coupons, points, membership systems, points redemption activities, etc., e-commerce platforms can attract, retain and promote consumers' consumption behavior.

2.2 Why build an e-commerce business platform?

The establishment of an e-commerce business platform has the following important purposes:

• Improve the company's image: After the e-commerce business platform is established, you can attract customers to purchase and enhance the company's image by displaying your products or services, providing coupons or price reductions.

• Increase market share: On the e-commerce business platform, you can display your products or services, gain customers' attention, increase your visibility and income, and thereby gain profit growth.

• Promote enterprise operations: After the e-commerce business platform is successfully established, it can strengthen communication among internal personnel, enrich employee training and expand business scale, stimulate employees' innovative spirit, and enhance the overall competitiveness and operating efficiency of the enterprise.

• Optimize sales model: E-commerce business platforms can meet the needs of different customer groups of enterprises. Using various promotional strategies can improve the quality of products or services and make consumers more satisfied, thereby increasing turnover and profits.

• Improve brand awareness: The construction of e-commerce business platforms not only greatly assists the marketing and brand image of enterprises, but also establishes close ties with Internet media, expands influence, and enhances brand awareness and social image.

The above are just the issues and reasons that need to be considered during the construction of e-commerce business platforms, which can be used as the basis for architectural design.

2.3 Features and characteristics of e-commerce business platforms

2.3.1 Morphological characteristics

• PC-type website: PC-type website is mainly used to display personal or corporate product and service information. It has a standardized layout and navigation menu and is suitable for shoppers to access.
• WAP type website: WAP type website is used for mobile device access, similar to mobile App, with mobile application level response speed.
• M-station type website: M-station type website is mainly for the public. It upgrades the original PC-type website into a "post-type" website, which is suitable for consumers to share, evaluate and recommend.
• Mini-program website: Mini-program website is an application that runs on mobile phone systems such as WeChat and Alipay. It is suitable for users to interact with touch screens, text messages, code scanning and other forms of interaction, allowing users to quickly access the mall and lowering the threshold.
• Smart hardware website: Smart hardware website is a form of connecting smart hardware to e-commerce websites, such as smart lighting, smart air conditioners, smart water heaters, etc., to improve consumers' quality of life.

2.3.2 Functional features

• User management: The user management module is responsible for maintaining user information, including account creation, login, permission assignment, password modification, etc.
• Product management: The product management module is responsible for maintaining products, including publishing new products, updating product information, adding and removing products, deleting products, etc.
• Order management: The order management module includes order query, order status tracking, delivery note printing, etc.
• Member management: The member management module is responsible for member registration, points management, cash withdrawal applications, etc.
• Report statistics: The report statistics module can help administrators grasp the operating status of the platform in a timely manner, including sales data analysis, member statistics, order statistics, inventory status, etc.
• Online customer service: The online customer service module provides users of the platform with a quick feedback channel to solve various questions.
• Distribution function: The distribution function is one of the core functions of the e-commerce platform. It provides consumers with promotional offers in various forms and improves the conversion rate.

3. Explanation of basic concepts and terms

3.1 HTTP protocol

HTTP protocol (HyperText Transfer Protocol), also known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is an application layer protocol used for distributed, collaborative and hypermedia information systems. The HTTP protocol belongs to the TCP/IP protocol family, which specifies how the web client requests web pages from the web server and how the server responds to the client's request. Currently, the HTTP protocol version number is HTTP/1.1.

3.2 DNS domain name resolution

DNS (Domain Name System) is a service of the Internet, which consists of hierarchical DNS servers. It is mainly used to convert domain names into IP addresses. There are two ways to implement DNS:

• Local resolution: When the host queries DNS, if the DNS server has cached the IP address of the domain name, it will return directly. Otherwise, it will perform a recursive query according to the locally configured name server.
• Remote resolution: When the host queries DNS, if the DNS server does not have an IP address cache for the domain name, the request will be sent to the DNS server for resolution, and the DNS server will return the result to the host.

3.3 Middleware

Middleware, also known as "software component", refers to service software or application software running on the server. It can perform data exchange and data processing between application servers, database servers, and file servers. Middleware can run independently or be integrated with the application server to provide various support services for the application server. Commonly used middleware are:

• Tomcat: an open source web application server developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF).
• Nginx: Open source, high-performance HTTP and reverse proxy server.
• Apache: Apache web server software.
• PHP: Server-side scripting language developed with PHP language.
• MySQL: MySQL database server software.
• MongoDB: Document-based NoSQL database server software.

3.4 ORM object relational mapping

ORM (Object Relational Mapping) is a programming technology that saves data in a relational database into objects and operates on the data through object methods. This mapping process is called ORM. It allows programmers not to worry about the complex structure of the underlying database, but only to care about the properties and methods of entity objects. Commonly used ORM frameworks include Hibernate and MyBatis.

3.5 Data fragmentation

Data sharding refers to dividing a data set into multiple smaller parts, which are distributed on different storage media. Each storage medium stores a subset of the same data set. In this way, the entire collection can make good use of storage space, shorten retrieval time, and improve data access efficiency. Data sharding can improve database performance, capacity, and scalability. Commonly used data sharding technologies include vertical sharding and horizontal sharding.

3.6 Redis cache

Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is an open source high-performance key-value pair in-memory database. It supports multiple data types such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets, bitmaps, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes. Redis provides a variety of data structures, allowing it to serve as a high-speed cache and an advanced storage for message queues, persistent storage, distributed locks and other functions. Redis uses a single-threaded model to ensure serialized execution through the concept of queues. Commonly used Redis commands include SET GET DEL EXISTS INCR, etc.

3.7 Elasticsearch search engine

Elasticsearch (Enterprise Search Server) is an open source, RESTful search engine that provides a distributed, reliable, and scalable search solution that can help enterprises quickly build a search function for a website or application. Elasticsearch can handle terabytes of data and handle more than a million queries per second. Elasticsearch uses Lucene as the full-text index library and provides external interfaces through RESTful API. Elasticsearch supports drivers in multiple languages, such as Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, etc. Commonly used Elasticsearch commands include PUT INDEX DELETE SEARCH ADD COUNT UPDATE, etc.

3.8 RabbitMQ message queue

RabbitMQ (Rabbit Message Queue) is an open source, advanced message queue. It supports a variety of message routing and exchange types that can be used to pass messages between applications. RabbitMQ is written internally using the Erlang language, which is very stable, flexible and easy to use. RabbitMQ supports many advanced features through the plug-in mechanism, such as cluster support, failure detection and automatic recovery, high availability, message acknowledgment and persistence, topics, bindings, etc. Commonly used RabbitMQ commands include CONSUME PRODUCE PUBLISH ACK QUEUE, etc.

4. Core algorithm principles and specific operation steps

4.1 User registration module

1. The user fills in the form and submits it;
2. The server receives the data and performs data verification;
3. If data verification fails, an error message will be returned;
4. If the data verification is successful, the username and password are encrypted and then inserted into the database;
5. Returns a registration success message.

4.2 User login module

1. The user enters the account number and password;
2. The server verifies whether the account and password are correct;
3. If the verification is successful, a token is generated and returned to the user;
4. The user keeps the token and brings it with him every time he sends a request.

4.3 User Center Module

1. Obtain user information based on token;
2. Determine whether the user is logged in;
3. If logged in, the user center page is rendered;
4. If you are not logged in, jump to the login page.

4.4 Product management module

1. Query product classification;
2. Get all products under the current category;
3. Render the product list page.

4.5 Order management module

1. Create Order;
2. Calculate the goods and amount of the order;
3. Insert order data into the database;
4. Write the order number and payment amount to the payment page.

4.6 Paging module

1. Set the number of pages;
2. Get the records of the specified page from the database;
3. Render a paginated page.